In Christianity, it means being called by God and given a new mission. The Latin word vocatio, originally meaning "calling," was understood and used as a divine calling in the medieval Christian church in Western Europe, limited to the calling to become a priest. The 16th century Reformers, including Luther and Calvin, came to understand and emphasize that this word applies to all Christians. All Christians receive God's calling through faith and baptism, and respond to God's calling through their respective professional lives in the secular world. This is what is called the "vocational vocation view." It was one of the major turning points for the modern spirit in that it does not make believers retire from this world, but actively sends them out into the world with a mission from God and makes them work. It is not limited to professional life, but the whole of life is viewed as a calling from God, and the theories of Troeltsch and M. Weber, especially the latter's "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," are well known. [Yoshikazu Tokuyoshi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
キリスト教で、神から召されて新しい使命を与えられることをいう。もともと「呼び出し」の意味をもつラテン語のvocatioは、神の召しとして、西欧中世のキリスト教会において聖職者になることの召しに限定されて理解され、用いられていた。16世紀の宗教改革者たちは、ルターをはじめカルバンも、この語を、すべてのキリスト者についてのものと理解し、強調するようになった。すべてのキリスト者は信仰と洗礼とにおいて神の召しを受け、世俗世界のなかでそれぞれの職業の生を通して神の召しにこたえるという、いわゆる「職業召命観」とよばれるものであって、信仰者をこの世界から隠遁(いんとん)させるのでなく、神からの使命をもって積極的にこの世に送り出し、働かせるという点で、近代精神にとっての大きな契機の一つとなった。職業生活に限らず、全生活を神の召しにおいてとらえるものであって、トレルチやM・ウェーバーの所説、とくに後者の『プロテスタンティズムの倫理と資本主義の精神』は著名。 [徳善義和] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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