Shogitai - Shogitai

A pro-Shogunate military group during the Boshin War. After Tokugawa Yoshinobu lost the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, he returned to Edo and was placed under house arrest in Ueno on February 12, 1868 (Keio 4). 17 former Hitotsubashi retainers met in Zoshigaya, Edo, to discuss restoring Yoshinobu to power and subjugating Satsuma. With over 60 supporters, they formed the Association of Volunteers for Respecting the Emperor and Obeying the Commanders. On the 23rd, they renamed themselves the Shogitai, appointed Shibusawa Seiichiro as leader and Amano Hachiro as vice-leader, and set up their headquarters at Honganji Temple in Asakusa. When the Tokugawa family officially recognized them and entrusted them with guarding Edo city, they moved to Ueno under the pretext of guarding Yoshinobu. Even after Edo Castle was opened and Yoshinobu left for Mito, the garrison did not move. Later, there was internal conflict, and Shibusawa left the corps to form the Shinbu-tai in Hanno (Saitama Prefecture), but more and more people joined the Shogitai, totaling over 1,500 people, and through connections with the former shogunate forces in Kanto, they deepened the conflict with the new government forces. At first, the Governor-General of the Eastern Expedition refrained from attacking due to a lack of troops, but after Sanjo Sanetomi and Omura Masujiro arrived in Edo, he decided to suppress them. On May 1 of the same year, he relieved Tokugawa (Tayasu) Yoshiyori from his duties as guard of Edo city and placed him in the Governor-General's office, stripping the Shogitai of its legality. On the 15th, under the command of Omura, an attack on Ueno was carried out, the Shogitai was annihilated, and their remnants fled to the Tohoku region, with the Kanto region coming under the control of the Meiji government.

[Inoue Isao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

戊辰(ぼしん)戦争の佐幕派の軍事集団。鳥羽(とば)・伏見(ふしみ)の戦いに敗れた将軍徳川慶喜(よしのぶ)が江戸に帰り上野に謹慎した1868年（慶応4）2月12日、旧一橋(ひとつばし)家家臣17名が江戸雑司谷(ぞうしがや)に会合して慶喜の復権と薩摩(さつま)討伐を協議、賛同者60余名を得て尊王恭順有志会を結成した。23日、隊名を彰義隊とし、頭取を渋沢成一郎(せいいちろう)、副頭取を天野(あまの)八郎とし、屯所を浅草・本願寺に置いた。徳川家がこれを公認し江戸市中警衛を委任するや、慶喜護衛を名目に上野に移転。江戸城が開城し、慶喜が水戸に去ってからも屯所を動かさなかった。のち内部対立があり、渋沢は脱隊して別に飯能(はんのう)（埼玉県）で振武(しんぶ)隊を結成したが、彰義隊に入隊する者が相次いで総員1500余名を数え、関東の旧幕勢力と気脈を通じて新政府軍との対立を深めていった。当初、東征大総督は兵力不足から攻撃を控えていたが、三条実美(さねとみ)と大村益次郎(ますじろう)の江戸着任後、討伐を決意。同年5月1日、徳川（田安(たやす)）慶頼(よしより)の江戸市中警衛の任を解いて総督府がこれにあたることとし、彰義隊の合法性を剥奪(はくだつ)した。15日、大村の指揮のもとに上野を攻撃、彰義隊は壊滅し、残党は東北地方に逃走、関東は維新政府の支配下に入った。

［井上　勲］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例