Incendiary bomb

Japanese: 焼夷弾 - しょういだん(英語表記)incendiary bomb
Incendiary bomb
A projectile filled with incendiary agents to burn men and horses, and to burn down cities, forests, and weapons. It also includes Molotov bombs. The Romans mixed pitch and sulfur in jars and threw them at enemy ships and forts. The most famous early incendiary bomb was called "Greek fire" and is said to have been invented in 678 by the Byzantine engineer Callinikos. It was either thrown in a jar or sprayed on the enemy using a siphon. Incendiary agents made great advances in the early 20th century when it was discovered that gasoline could be thickened or turned into a gel by adding rubber, synthetic resin, or soap. Depending on the type of incendiary agent, they can be broadly divided into thermite, yellow phosphorus, and oil-based. Napalm bombs are a typical example of an oil-based incendiary bomb. Japan has had fire arrows for a long time, and the former army first used thermite-based incendiary shells in artillery fire during the Musha Incident in 1930. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) Protocol No. 3 (which came into force in 1983) adopted at the United Nations Conference prohibited their use against civilians and civilian objects.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
人馬を焼殺し,市街,森林,兵器などを焼き払うために焼夷剤を弾体に詰めた弾。火炎瓶(→モロトフ爆弾)も含まれる。ローマ人は,壺の中にピッチ,硫黄などを混ぜて入れ,敵船や砦に向かって投げた。最も有名な初期の焼夷弾は,「ギリシアの炎」と呼ばれたもので,678年にビザンチンの技師カリニコスによって発明されたといわれる。壺に入れて投げるか,またはサイホンを使って敵に浴びせかけた。焼夷剤が大きく進歩したのは,20世紀初めにガソリンにゴム,合成樹脂,石鹸などを添加して濃化,あるいはゼリー化することが発見されてからである。焼夷剤の種類によって,テルミット系,黄リン系,油脂系に大別される。ナパーム弾は,油脂焼夷弾の代表的なものである。日本では昔から棒火矢があり,旧陸軍が初めて使用したのは,1930年の霧社事件の際,砲撃に用いたテルミット系の焼夷弾である。国際連合会議で採択された,特定通常兵器使用禁止制限条約 Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons; CCWの第3議定書(1983発効)によって,文民および民用物に対する使用が禁止された。

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