In the 18th century, thefts such as burglary, thefts by servants, and pickpocketing became overwhelmingly more common in big cities. For example, in Paris on the eve of the revolution, they accounted for nearly 90% of all crimes, and contained a crime structure very similar to that of modern society. In 18th century England, France, and Germany, robbers such as Dick Turpin (real name Richard Turpin, 1706-39), Cartouche (real name Louis Dominique, 1693-1721), and Schinderhannes (real name Johann Bückler, 1783-1803) were idealized, and an image similar to that of Robin Hood, the hero of medieval England, emerged among the common people, but they were essentially just a bunch of thieves. The modern age is indeed an age of theft, but Article 382 of the current French penal code states that "When violence is used in the commission of the crime of theft, resulting in injury or bruises to another person, this circumstance warrants a life sentence," and severe sanctions against violent theft have been consistent since ancient Rome. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Cartouche" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…18世紀に入ると,大都市では押込み強盗,家僕の窃盗,すりなどの盗みの行為が圧倒的に多くなり,例えば革命前夜のパリでは犯罪件数の90%に近い割合を示して,現代社会にきわめて類似した犯罪構造をはらんでいた。こうしたなかで,18世紀のイギリス,フランス,ドイツではディック・ターピンDick Turpin(本名Richard Turpin,1706‐39),カルトゥーシュCartouche(本名ドミニクLouis Dominique,1693‐1721),シンダーハネスSchinderhannes(本名ビュックラーJohann Bückler,1783‐1803)らの強盗が理想化されて,中世イングランドの義賊ロビン・フッドにも似たイメージが民衆世界にわきあがるが,彼らは本質的には盗賊のやからにすぎなかった。現代はまことに窃盗の時代にあたるが,フランス現行刑法典第382条には〈盗罪を犯すに当たり暴行を加え,その結果,人を傷害し,または打撲傷を負わせたときは,この状況は無期懲役の言渡しをするに足る〉の条文があり,暴力を伴った盗みの行為に対する厳しい制裁は,古代ローマ以来一貫している。… ※「Cartouche」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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