Born: October 26, 1757 in Nassau Died: June 29, 1831. Kappenberg. German Prussian politician. He served in the Prussian government from 1780, and in 1804 became Minister of Taxes and Commerce, but was dismissed the following year for advising King Frederick William III on reforming the cabinet office system. During his retirement, he wrote the Nassau Memorandum. After the defeat at Jena (→ Battle of Jena-Auerstedt), he was called back to power in 1807 and carried out the Stein Reforms. In the same year, he abolished the peasant slave system, setting the pace for the emancipation of the peasants, and in 1808, through the City Ordinance, he rebuilt and democratized the autonomy of the city, which had been suppressed under the absolute monarchy, and established a city council elected by citizens. In November of the same year, he enacted legislation for a rational, centralized administrative system, but was dismissed by Napoleon I on the same day. It is important to note that behind his dismissal was the Junker class's secret efforts to protect their own privileges. He fled to Austria, where in 1812 he became an advisor to the Russian Tsar. He worked hard to liberate Germany and overthrow Napoleon, and attended the Congress of Vienna as an advisor to the Russian Tsar, but his idealistic nationalism was unable to influence the conference. He then returned to his hometown and served as president of the Westphalian State Assembly in 1826. During this time, he founded the Society for Old German History in 1819, laying the foundations for the compilation of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica, a work that continues to this day. Stein's reform proposals faced various obstacles at the time and could not be fully realized, but they were taken over by K. Hardenberg and played an important role in the modernization of Germany as a nation. Stein |
[生]1757.10.26. ナッサウ [没]1831.6.29. カッペンベルク ドイツ,プロシアの政治家。 1780年からプロシア政府に勤務し,1804年税務・商工担当相となったが,翌年カビネット (官房) 制度改革案を国王フリードリヒ・ウィルヘルム3世に進言し罷免された。引退中ナッサウ覚え書を草した。イェナの敗戦 (→イェナ=アウエルシュテットの戦い ) 後,07年再び起用され,いわゆるシュタイン改革を断行。同年隷農制を廃止して農民解放の先鞭をつけ,08年都市条例により,絶対王政のもとで圧殺されていた都市の自治を再建するとともにこれを民主化し,市民の選挙による市会を設置した。同年 11月合理的な中央集権的行政制度を立法化したが,即日ナポレオン1世によって罷免された。罷免の背後にユンカー階級の自己の特権擁護のための暗躍があったことは見逃せない。彼はオーストリアに逃れ,12年ロシア皇帝の顧問となった。ドイツ解放とナポレオン打倒に奔走し,ウィーン会議にはロシア皇帝の顧問として出席したが,彼の理想主義的国民主義は会議を動かしえなかった。以後故郷に帰り,26年ウェストファリア州会議長をつとめた。この間 19年には「古ドイツ史協会」を設立して『モヌメンタ・ゲルマニアエ・ヒストリカ』 Monumenta Germaniae Historica編纂の基礎をおき,この事業は今日まで引継がれている。シュタイン改革案は当時種々の障害にあい全面的には実現できなかったが,K.ハルデンベルクに引継がれ,近代国家化のために重要な役割を果した。 シュタイン
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