Monoterpenes

...Typical examples are the essential oils that are the aromatic components of plants, and many pigments, resins, and gums are all technically classified as terpenes. The hydrocarbon C ₁₀ H ₁₆ with n = 2 is called monoterpene, and since the main components of essential oils are this monoterpene and its hydrogen-containing derivatives, the term terpene in the narrow sense refers to monoterpene. Terpenes with n = 3 or more are also known in nature, and n = 3 is called sesquiterpene, n = 4 is called diterpene, n = 5 is called sesterterpene, and n = 6 is called triterpene, etc. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "monoterpene" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…代表的なものは植物の香気成分の精油であり，多くの色素，樹脂，ゴム質もすべて形式的にはテルペンに含める。　n＝2にあたる炭化水素C₁₀H₁₆はモノテルペンmonoterpeneと呼ばれ，精油の主成分はこのモノテルペンおよびその含水素誘導体であるため，狭義のテルペンといえばモノテルペンをさす。天然にはnが3以上のテルペンも知られており，n＝3をセスキテルペンsesquiterpene,n＝4をジテルペンditerpene,n＝5をセスタテルペンsesterterpene,n＝6をトリテルペンtriterpeneなどと呼ぶ。…

※「monoterpene」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報