A general term for hydrous magnesium layered silicate minerals that make up serpentine. There are many polymorphs with the same chemical composition but different atomic arrangements, and polytypes with different stacking directions of unit layers. The three main types are antigorite (leaf serpentine), lizardite, and clinochrysotile (fibrous serpentine). Antigorite is the most common type of serpentine. Fibrous crystals are grouped in parallel to form veins that cut serpentine. Serpentine is mostly formed by hydrothermal metamorphism of ultramafic rocks, but it can also easily be formed by the decomposition of magnesium silicate minerals in other rocks. Serpentine is soft and easy to cut and polish, so beautifully colored pieces are sometimes used as ornaments. The English name comes from the Latin word for snake, as the surface of some types of serpentine resembles the pattern of snake skin. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | [Additional information] |From Nozawa Mine, Furano, Hokkaido ©Shogakukan "> Clinochrysotile (fibrous serpentine) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
蛇紋岩を構成する含水マグネシウム層状珪(けい)酸塩鉱物の総称。同じ化学組成で原子配列の異なる多形polymorph、単位層の積み重ねの方向の周期が異なる多型polytypeが数多くある。おもなものはアンチゴライト(葉(よう)蛇紋石)、リザード石lizardite、クリノクリソタイルclinochrysotile(繊維蛇紋石)の3種である。蛇紋石鉱物のうちアンチゴライトがもっとも普通の種である。繊維状の結晶が平行に集合して蛇紋岩を切る脈を構成する。蛇紋石は、超塩基性岩が熱水変成作用を受けて生成されるのが大部分であるが、他の岩石中のマグネシウム珪酸塩鉱物の分解によっても容易に生じる。蛇紋岩は軟らかく、切断したり研磨しやすいので、色の美しいものは装飾品として利用されることがある。英名は、ある種の蛇紋岩の表面が蛇の皮の模様に似ているところから、蛇を意味するラテン語に由来する。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | [補完資料] |北海道富良野市 野沢鉱山産©Shogakukan"> クリノクリソタイル(繊維蛇紋石) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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