Film director. Born March 28, 1903 in Shizuoka Prefecture. After working as a student for science critic Harada Mitsuo (1890-1977), he joined Shochiku Kamata Studio in 1922 (Taisho 11) and was promoted to director with "Beyond the Pass" (1924). A prolific writer who excelled in melodramas and comedies, he was praised for his freshness and was the driving force behind the modern style of his lifelong friend Ozu Yasujiro and Shochiku Kamata. He produced entertainment works such as the "Young Master of the University" series, which features cheerful sports students, and also released "Floating Weed Girl's Travel Customs" (1929), "The Windmill of Life" (1931), and "He, She, and the Boys" (1935), which depict the joys and sorrows of traveling entertainers and wanderers set in lonely mountain villages and port towns. He favored using new actors such as Uehara Ken (1901-1991) and Kuwano Michiko (1915-1946), as well as children and amateurs, and in the late 1930s he gained attention for his uncontrived realism in films such as "Thank You, Mr." (1936). He became one of Japan's leading children's film directors with "Children in the Wind" (1937), based on a story by Tsubota Joji. He produced excellent works rich in poetry through improvisational direction on location, and during the war he received acclaim for his short films "Friends" (1940), which he shot in Korea, and "Tower of Return" (1941), which deals with an institution for delinquent children, as well as the humorous "Hairpin" (1941), set in a hot spring resort. After World War II, he founded "Hachinosu Eiga" (Beef Stalk Productions), a pioneer of postwar independent productions, in 1948, and independently produced the "Hachinosu" trilogy while raising war orphans on a farm in Izu. He made films about his mother, such as "Ohara Shosuke-san" (1949) for Shintoho and "Mother's Image" (1959) for Daiei, and supervised the TV drama "Ryokan-sama and his Children" (1959) for his last work. He passed away on June 23, 1966. He loved travel and the natural scenery, and consistently portrayed people who were alienated from their communities. His ex-wife was the actress Tanaka Kinuyo. His outstanding landscape depictions and unique style are being reevaluated. [Chihiro Sato] Documents List of Director's Works Beyond the Pass (1924) "Masumi Tanaka, Kimata Kimihiko, Sato Takeshi, and Sato Chihiro, 'Movie Reader: Shimizu Hiroshi' (2000/revised edition 2009, Film Art Publishing)" [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
映画監督。明治36年3月28日、静岡県生まれ。科学評論家の原田三夫(はらだみつお)(1890―1977)の書生を経て1922年(大正11)に松竹蒲田撮影所入社、『峠の彼方』(1924)で監督昇進。メロドラマや喜劇を得意とする多作家で、みずみずしさを評価され、終生の友の小津安二郎(おづやすじろう)と松竹蒲田(かまた)のモダンな作風を担う。朗らかなスポーツ学生が活躍する「大学の若旦那(だんな)」シリーズなど娯楽作品を手がけ、また、寂しい山村や港町を舞台に、旅芸人や渡り者の哀歓と流転を描く『浮草娘旅風俗』(1929)、『人生の風車』(1931)、『彼と彼女と少年達』(1935)などを発表。上原謙(うえはらけん)(1901―1991)や桑野通子(くわのみちこ)(1915―1946)ら新人俳優、子ども、素人を好んで起用し、1930年代後半、『有りがたうさん』(1936)などの作為を排するリアリズムで注目される。坪田譲治(つぼたしょうじ)原作『風の中の子供』(1937)で日本を代表する児童映画の監督となる。ロケーション主体の即興的演出で詩情豊かな秀作を生み、戦時下には朝鮮で撮った短篇『ともだち』(1940)、非行児童施設を扱った『みかへりの塔』(1941)が評価され、湯治場を舞台にユーモア溢れる『簪(かんざし)』(1941)などを撮った。第二次世界大戦後は1948年に戦後の独立プロの先駆となる「蜂の巣映画」を設立、伊豆の農場で戦災孤児達を育てながら「蜂の巣」3部作を自主製作。新東宝で『小原庄助(おはらしょうすけ)さん』(1949)、大映で『母のおもかげ』(1959)など母もの映画にあたり、遺作はテレビドラマ『良寛さまと子供たち』(1959)の監修。昭和41年6月23日死去。自然のままの姿と旅を愛し、共同体から疎外される人達を一貫して描いた。女優田中絹代(たなかきぬよ)は元妻。卓越した風景描写や独創的な作風が再評価されている。 [佐藤千紘] 資料 監督作品一覧峠の彼方(1924) 『田中眞澄・木全公彦・佐藤武・佐藤千広著『映畫読本 清水宏』(2000/改訂版2009・フィルムアート社)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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