Ovary - shibou

Japanese: 子房 - しぼう
Ovary - shibou

This refers to the slightly swollen part at the bottom of the pistil, which contains the ovary locus inside and contains the ovule. The ovary may have only one locus without any internal partitions, or it may be divided into two, three, four, five, etc. loci by partitions. If the ovary is partitioned, the number of loci usually matches the number of carpels that make up the pistil. When the ovary has one locus, this can be due to a single carpel or the combination of multiple carpels. The ovules are attached to the ovary locus, and the place where the ovule is attached is called the placenta, and it can be divided into several types. Depending on the protrusion or deformation of the placenta, the ovary locus can become complex and intricate, or secondary partitions can form.

Depending on the position of the ovary, three stages of the flower are distinguished. When the ovary is above the calyx, corolla, and stamens, it is called a superior ovary and is considered to be the primitive form. When the receptacle is concave and surrounds the lower part of the ovary, and the calyx, corolla, and stamens are around the ovary, it is called a medial ovary, and when the receptacle further envelops the entire ovary, and the calyx, corolla, and stamens are above the ovary, it is called an inferior ovary. In the case of an inferior ovary, the ovary wall and the receptacle, and sometimes even the calyx tube, are united, and it is often difficult to distinguish them organizationally. When the ovule matures and becomes a seed, the ovary also grows large and becomes a fruit, but in an inferior ovary flower, the fruit usually contains elements other than the ovary, such as a receptacle, and becomes a pseudocarp.

[Michio Tamura]

[Reference] | Flowers
Names of the parts of angiosperm flowers
©Shogakukan ">

Names of the parts of angiosperm flowers

Position of the ovary
©Shogakukan ">

Position of the ovary


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

雌しべの下部の多少とも膨らんだ部分をいい、中に子房室があり、胚珠(はいしゅ)を入れている。子房には内部に仕切りがなくて1室の場合と、仕切りによって、2室、3室、4室、5室などに分かれている場合がある。子房に仕切りがあれば、室の数はその雌しべをつくっている心皮の数と一致するのが普通である。子房1室の場合は1心皮性によるときと、複数の心皮が合成されてできるときがある。胚珠は子房室につくが、胚珠のつくところを胎座とよび、いくつかの型に分けられる。胎座の突出や変形によって、子房室は複雑に入り組んだり、二次的な仕切りができたりすることがある。

 子房の位置によって花の三つの段階が区別される。子房が萼(がく)、花冠、雄しべなどより上にあるものを子房上位とよび、原始的な形態とみなされている。花托(かたく)がくぼんで子房の下部を取り巻き、萼、花冠、雄しべなどが子房の周囲にあるものを子房中位、さらに花托が子房全体を包み込み、萼、花冠、雄しべなどが子房よりも上にあるものを子房下位とよんでいる。子房下位の場合では、子房壁と花托、ときにはさらに萼筒が合体し、しばしば組織的にも区別が困難となる。胚珠が成熟して種子になれば子房も大きくなって果実となるが、子房下位花では、普通、果実には花托などのような子房以外の要素が加わって偽果となる。

[田村道夫]

[参照項目] |
被子植物の花の各部名称
©Shogakukan">

被子植物の花の各部名称

子房の位置
©Shogakukan">

子房の位置


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