Mururoa Atoll - Mururoa Atoll

Japanese: ムルロア環礁 - ムルロアかんしょう
Mururoa Atoll - Mururoa Atoll
Atoll with a population of 3,230 (1995) in the Tuamotu Islands of French Polynesia in the South Pacific. It is located about 1,200 km southeast of Tahiti. From July 1966 to 1974, France conducted 41 atmospheric nuclear tests on this atoll and Fangataufa atoll, about 30 km south of it, and 153 underground nuclear tests on the two atolls from 1975 to May 1996. France became a nuclear power in February 1960 when it successfully conducted its first nuclear test in the Sahara Desert in Algeria, but Algeria gained independence in 1965 and refused to use the Sahara Desert as a nuclear testing site. For this reason, France decided to use Mururoa atoll as a testing site instead of the Sahara Desert, and conducted atmospheric nuclear tests there. However, international opinion, including from neighboring countries such as Australia and New Zealand, grew against nuclear testing, and the Committee Against Nuclear Tests at Mururoa (ATOM) was formed in 1970. Atmospheric nuclear testing was finally halted in 1974, and underground nuclear testing began the following year in 1975. In the spring of 1992, President Mitterrand halted underground nuclear testing at Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls, but President Chirac resumed underground nuclear testing in September 1995 after a four-year hiatus, and continued it for eight times until May 1996.
→ Related topics Greenpeace | Tuamotu [Islands] | Papeete | Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific Conference | French Polynesia | South Pacific Forum | Rarotonga Treaty

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
南太平洋,フランス領ポリネシアのトゥアモトゥ諸島に属する人口3230人(1995)の環礁。タヒチ島南東約1200km。フランスは1966年7月から1974年までの9年間に,この環礁と,その南方約30kmにあるファンガタウファFangataufa環礁とで41回の大気圏内核実験,1975年―1996年5月には二つの環礁で153回の地下核実験を行った。フランスは1960年2月にアルジェリアのサハラ砂漠で最初の核実験に成功して核保有国となったが,1965年にアルジェリアが独立,サハラ砂漠を核実験場として使用することを拒否した。このためフランスはムルロア環礁をサハラ砂漠に代わる実験場と決め,大気圏核実験を行った。しかしオーストラリアやニュージーランドなど近隣諸国をはじめとする核実験反対の国際世論が高まり,1970年にはムルロア核実験反対委員会(ATOM)が結成された。1974年,ついに大気圏内核実験を中止し,翌1975年,地下核実験を始めた。1992年春,ミッテラン大統領はムルロア環礁とファンガタウファ環礁での地下核実験を中止したが,シラク大統領は1995年9月,4年ぶりに地下核実験を再開し,1996年5月まで8回続けた。
→関連項目グリーンピース|トゥアモトゥ[諸島]|パペエテ|非核独立太平洋会議|フランス領ポリネシア|南太平洋フォーラム|ラロトンガ条約

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