Shibuya

Japanese: 渋谷 - しぶや
Shibuya

The area is located in the southern part of Shibuya Ward, Tokyo, and is centered around JR Shibuya Station. The name of the area is said to have come from the fact that when the valley of the Shibuya River was an inlet, it was called Shioya Village on the beach, or that during the Kamakura period, it was the territory of the Shibuya clan of Sagami Province. The valley of the Shibuya River is between the Aoyama Plateau in the east and the Nanpeidai Plateau in the west, and it occupied a key location for transportation along the Oyama Kaido road. Miyamasuzaka, east of the station, was bustling with teahouses and other rest areas. Shibuya Hachiman, located nearby, is one of the Edo Yassho Hachiman shrines, and is also called Konno Hachiman after Shibuya Shigeie (date of birth and death unknown) prayed to this shrine and gave birth to a boy named Konnomaru, who was famous for his bravery. The area is also said to be the remains of the Shibuya clan's castle, which shows that it has been an important location since ancient times. Meanwhile, the slope to the west is Dogenzaka, where Dogen, a remnant of Wada Yoshimori's rebels, is said to have been active as a bandit. Even today, it is a key transportation point, with the JR Yamanote and Saikyo lines, Tokyu Toyoko and Denentoshi lines (formerly the Shin-Tamagawa line), Keio Inokashira line, Tokyo Metro Ginza, Hanzomon and Fukutoshin lines passing through it. Furthermore, the Shuto Expressway and Aoyama-dori run parallel to it, and Meiji-dori runs alongside the JR Yamanote line, resulting in heavy traffic day and night.

Around 1930 (Showa 5), ​​suburban trains were opened, and in 1938 the Tokyo Rapid Railway (now the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line) was opened, and the area rapidly developed as a terminal connecting suburban residential areas with the city center. Tokyu-affiliated capital played a major role, with construction of the Toyoko Department Store (Tokyu Department Store Toyoko Branch, which closed in March 2020) beginning in 1933, and the Tokyu Bunka Kaikan opening in 1956 (Showa 31). The Tokyu Bunka Kaikan closed in 2003 (Heisei 15), and Shibuya Hikarie opened on its site in 2012. In addition to the Tokyu Department Store main branch and Tokyu Plaza Shibuya, large retail stores such as Seibu Department Store Shibuya Branch and Shibuya Parco have also opened in the area, and the area around Shibuya Station, especially the Dogenzaka area, is a thriving shopping and entertainment district in the Yamate sub-center of Tokyo, alongside Shinjuku and Ikebukuro. In 2000, the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (now Tokyo Metro), Tokyu Corporation (now Tokyu Corporation), and Keio Corporation opened Shibuya Mark City, a complex (hotel, offices, and shops) directly connected to the station. The bronze statue of Hachiko, the loyal dog, in the square in front of the Hachiko Exit station was erected in 1934 at the spot where Hachiko, the dog, waited for his master's return for 11 years without knowing that he had died. It was rebuilt in 1948 and has become a meeting place as a symbol of Shibuya (it was moved a few meters west in 1989). To the east of Shibuya is the university district, which includes Aoyama Gakuin University, University of the Sacred Heart, and Kokugakuin University. The slope from the statue of Hachiko to the north, which leads to the NHK Broadcasting Center, the National Yoyogi Stadium, and the Shibuya Ward General Office, is called Koen-dori, and has formed a fashion district for young people. To the east, along the JR Yamanote Line, is the complex MIYASHITA PARK (opening in 2020), with Shibuya Ward's Miyashita Park located on its fourth floor.

Currently, the area administratively known as Shibuya is the 1st to 4th chome district on the Miyamasuzaka side in the east, while the Dogenzaka side in the west is divided into the districts of Dogenzaka, Udagawacho, and Jinnan. Outside of these are high-end residential areas such as Nanpeidaicho and Shoto.

[Kiyoshi Sawada]

The transformation of Shibuya

Shibuya Station is served by JR, Tokyu, Keio, and Tokyo Metro lines, but each railway company has been promoting redevelopment, and the station is divided into north and south, east and west by the JR Yamanote Line and National Route 246, resulting in heavy congestion and making it difficult to transfer and get around. For this reason, the area was designated a Specific Urban Renewal Urgent Development Area in January 2012, and since then, a once-in-a-century major development project, including the relocation of the station platform and large-scale redevelopment of the area around the station, is underway, with completion scheduled for fiscal year 2027.

As for the station itself, in March 2013, the Tokyu Toyoko Line Shibuya Station was relocated to the basement of Shibuya Hikarie at the east exit and began direct operation with the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line. This enabled direct operation from the Tokyu Toyoko Line to the Seibu Yurakucho Line, Ikebukuro Line, and Tobu Tojo Line via the Fukutoshin Line. In January 2020 (Reiwa 2), the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line Shibuya Station platform was moved east to directly above Meiji Dori, making it easier to transfer to other railways. In June 2020, the JR Saikyo Line platform, which was far to the south, was moved to a position parallel to the JR Yamanote Line platform, and improvement work on the JR Shibuya Station platform is also scheduled for later.

In terms of the development of high-rise complexes, Shibuya Cast (16 floors above ground, 2 floors below ground) opened in the north of the station in 2017, Shibuya Stream (35 floors above ground, 4 floors below ground) opened in 2018 on the south side of the Toyoko Line station, Shibuya Bridge (7 floors above ground) opened on the former Toyoko Line site, Shibuya Solasta (21 floors above ground, 1 floor below ground) opened in the west side of the station in 2019, Shibuya Fukuras (19 floors above ground, 5 floors below ground) opened in the west exit of the station, and the Shibuya Scramble Square East Tower (47 floors above ground, 7 floors below ground) opened directly connected to the JR station. Redevelopment buildings are scheduled to be completed in the Sakuragaokaguchi district south of the station in 2023, the Shibuya 2-chome 17 district east of the station in 2024, and the central and west towers of Shibuya Scramble Square on the former site of the Tokyu Department Store Toyoko Branch in 2027. Decks connecting the buildings will also be constructed.

[Editorial Department, April 17, 2020]

[References] | Aoyama Gakuin University | Kokugakuin University | Shibuya (ward) | University of the Sacred Heart | Hachiko the Loyal Dog | Yamate
Kokugakuin University
It began with the founding of the Koten Kokyusho in 1882 (Meiji 15), and originated as Kokugakuin, which was established in 1890. It was elevated to a university status in 1920 (Taisho 9) under the University Act. The photo shows the Shibuya campus. There is also the Tama Plaza campus (Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture). Shibuya Ward, Tokyo ©Yutaka Sakano ">

Kokugakuin University

NHK Broadcasting Center
The heart of NHK, with a site area of ​​approximately 25,000 tsubo (82,650 m), is the site of the broadcasting center. Construction began in 1963 to relocate the facility from the Tokyo Broadcasting Hall in Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo, which had been in use since 1938 (Showa 13). The entire relocation was completed in 1973. In 1964, while construction was still in progress, some of the completed facilities were used to broadcast the Tokyo Olympics. On the right in the photo is the main building, which has become the symbol of the broadcasting center. Shibuya Ward, Tokyo ©Yutaka Sakano ">

NHK Broadcasting Center

Yoyogi National Stadium First Gymnasium
A gymnasium with a suspended roof designed by Kenzo Tange. Formerly known as the "Olympic Pool," the swimming pool, diving pool, and diving board have been removed, and the facility is now used for a variety of purposes, including volleyball and other sports, as well as operas and concerts. Shibuya-ku, Tokyo ©Yutaka Sakano ">

Yoyogi National Stadium First Gymnasium


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

東京都渋谷区の南部、JR渋谷駅を中心とする地区。かつて渋谷川の谷が入り江であったころ、海浜で塩谷の里といったこと、あるいは鎌倉時代に相模国(さがみのくに)の渋谷氏の所領であったことが地名の由来という。東の青山台地と西の南平台(なんぺいだい)などの台地の間に渋谷川の谷あいがあり、大山(おおやま)街道筋(すじ)の交通上の要地を占め、駅東方の宮益坂(みやますざか)は茶屋などの立場(たてば)(休息場)でにぎわった。その近くにある渋谷八幡(はちまん)は江戸八所八幡の一つで、渋谷重家(しげいえ)(生没年不詳)が当社に祈って金王丸(こんのうまる)とよぶ武勇で名をあげた男子を得たことから金王八幡ともよばれる。その付近が渋谷氏の城跡ともいわれ、古くから要地であったことがわかる。一方、西方の坂は道玄坂(どうげんざか)で、和田義盛(よしもり)の残党の道玄が山賊をはたらいた所という。現在も交通の要地で、JR山手(やまのて)線・埼京(さいきょう)線、東急電鉄東横線・田園都市線(旧、新玉川線)、京王電鉄井の頭線(いのかしらせん)、東京地下鉄銀座線・半蔵門線(はんぞうもんせん)・副都心線が通る。さらに首都高速道路と青山通りが並行して、また明治通りがJR山手線沿いに走り、日夜交通量が多い。

 1930年(昭和5)前後、郊外電車が開通、さらに1938年に東京高速鉄道(現、東京地下鉄銀座線)が通じて郊外の住宅地と都心を結ぶターミナルとして急速に発展していった。1933年には東横デパート(東急百貨店東横店。2020年3月で営業を終了)の工事が始まり、1956年(昭和31)に東急文化会館ができるなど、東急系資本の果たした役割は大きい。なお、東急文化会館は2003年(平成15)閉鎖され、その跡地には2012年に渋谷ヒカリエが開業した。東急百貨店本店、東急プラザ渋谷のほか、西武百貨店渋谷店、渋谷パルコなどの大型小売店舗も進出し、渋谷駅周辺、とくに道玄坂方面は、新宿、池袋と並ぶ山手の副都心のショッピングとアミューズメントの街として繁栄している。2000年には帝都高速度交通営団(現、東京地下鉄。通称・東京メトロ)、東京急行電鉄(現、東急電鉄)、京王電鉄3社により駅に直結する複合施設(ホテル、事務所、店舗)である渋谷マークシティが開業した。ハチ公口の駅前広場にある忠犬ハチ公の銅像は、主人の死を知らずに11年間も主人の帰りを待ち続けたという場所に1934年建立、1948年再建され、渋谷のシンボルとして待ち合わせ場所となっている(1989年に数メートル西へ移動)。渋谷の東方には青山学院大学、聖心女子大学、国学院大学など学園地区がある。ハチ公の銅像から北方、NHK放送センター、国立代々木競技場(こくりつよよぎきょうぎじょう)、渋谷区総合庁舎に至る坂道は公園通りとよばれ、若者向けのファッションの街を形成。その東方には、JR山手線に沿って複合施設MIYASHITA PARK(ミヤシタパーク)(2020年開業)があり、渋谷区立宮下公園はその4階に位置している。

 現在、行政上渋谷とよばれる地域は、東部の宮益坂側の1~4丁目の地区であり、西部の道玄坂側は道玄坂、宇田川町(うだがわちょう)、神南(じんなん)の各地区に分かれている。なおその外側に南平台町、松濤(しょうとう)などの高級住宅街がある。

[沢田 清]

渋谷の変貌(へんぼう)

渋谷駅にはJR線、東急線、京王線、東京地下鉄線が乗り入れるものの、鉄道会社それぞれが再開発を進めたうえ、JR山手線や国道246号により東西南北に分断され、混雑がひどく、乗換えや回遊がしづらいという難点があった。このため2012年1月に特定都市再生緊急整備地域に指定され、以後、2027年度の完成を目ざし、「100年に一度の大開発」といわれる駅ホームの移動や駅周辺の大規模再開発が進んでいる。

 駅自体では、2013年3月に東急東横線渋谷駅が東口にある渋谷ヒカリエ地下へ移転し、東京地下鉄副都心線との相互直通運転を開始。これにより東急東横線から副都心線経由で西武有楽町(ゆうらくちょう)線・池袋(いけぶくろ)線、東武東上線までの直通運転が実現した。2020年(令和2)1月には、東京地下鉄銀座線渋谷駅ホームを東の明治通り直上まで移し、ほかの鉄道への乗換えを容易にした。2020年6月には、南側に遠く離れていたJR埼京線ホームをJR山手線ホームと並列の位置へ移動し、その後、JR渋谷駅ホームの改良工事も予定されている。

 複合高層ビルの整備では、2017年に駅北部に渋谷キャスト(地上16階、地下2階)、2018年に東横線駅南に渋谷ストリーム(地上35階、地下4階)、東横線跡地に渋谷ブリッジ(地上7階)、2019年には駅西部に渋谷ソラスタ(地上21階、地下1階)、駅西口に渋谷フクラス(地上19階、地下5階)、JR駅直結の渋谷スクランブルスクエア東棟(地上47階、地下7階)などが相次ぎ開業した。2023年には駅南の桜丘(さくらがおか)口地区、2024年には駅東の渋谷二丁目17地区に再開発ビル、2027年度には東急百貨店東横店跡地に渋谷スクランブルスクエアの中央棟・西棟が完成する予定である。また各ビルをつなぐデッキなども整備される。

[編集部 2020年4月17日]

[参照項目] | 青山学院大学 | 国学院大学 | 渋谷(区) | 聖心女子大学 | 忠犬ハチ公 | 山手
国学院大学
1882年(明治15)の皇典講究所創立に始まり、1890年に設置された国学院を起源とする。1920年(大正9)大学令により大学に昇格した。写真は渋谷キャンパス。ほかに、たまプラーザキャンパス(神奈川県横浜市)がある。東京都渋谷区©Yutaka Sakano">

国学院大学

NHK放送センター
敷地面積約2万5000坪(8万2650m)を誇るNHKの中枢。1938年(昭和13)から使用していた東京都千代田区内幸町の東京放送会館から移転するため、63年に着工。73年、全面移転が完了した。工事中の64年には、完成していた一部の施設を使用して東京オリンピックの放送を行った。写真右は、放送センターのシンボルともなっている本館。東京都渋谷区©Yutaka Sakano">

NHK放送センター

国立代々木競技場第一体育館
丹下健三設計の吊り屋根構造体育館。以前は「オリンピックプール」として親しまれていたが、競泳用プールと飛込用プール・飛込台は撤去され、現在はバレーボールをはじめとする各種スポーツのほか、オペラやコンサートなど、多目的に利用されている。東京都渋谷区©Yutaka Sakano">

国立代々木競技場第一体育館


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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