Sibiu is the capital of Sibiu County (area 5,422 km2 , population 452,800 (1992 estimate)) in central Romania. It is located north of the Turnuros Valley, which crosses the South Carpathians along the Olt River. It was founded as a colony of the Roman province of Dacia, and in the 12th century the Saxons settled there. In the 14th century it flourished as an administrative and commercial center for German residents. The city walls and a Lutheran cathedral remain. After World War II, it became part of Romania. Machinery, textiles, printing, chemicals, leather, and other industries were established in the city, and it is connected by rail and road to Bucharest, Brasov, Arad, and other cities. The Brukenthal Museum, housed in an 18th-century Baroque palace, houses the largest collection of paintings and books in Transylvania. The city is home to a national theater, a secondary school founded during the Reformation, and a branch of the University of Cluj, making it an educational center. Population: 169,696 (1992 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ドイツ語ではヘルマンシュタット Hermannstadt,ハンガリー語ではナジセベン Nagyszeben。ルーマニア中部,シビウ県 (面積 5422km2。人口 45万 2800〈1992推計〉) の県都。オルト川に沿って南カルパート山脈を越えるトゥルヌロシュ渓谷の北に位置する。ローマの属領ダキアの植民都市として建設され,12世紀にはザクセン人が移住,14世紀にはドイツ系住民の行政,商業の中心地として繁栄した。当時の城壁,ルター派の聖堂などが残る。第2次世界大戦後ルーマニア領となった。機械,繊維,印刷,化学,皮革などの工業が行われ,ブカレスト,ブラショブ,アラドなどと鉄道,道路で結ばれる。 18世紀のバロック様式の宮殿に設けられたブルケンタール美術館はトランシルバニア地方最大の絵画,図書のコレクションを蔵する。国立劇場や宗教改革期に創設された中等学校,クルージ大学の分校もあり,文教の一中心となっている。人口 16万 9696 (1992推計) 。
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