Originally, it was a name given to the powerful colonies of the British Empire, but its meaning has changed over time. The name was first given to Canada when it gained self-government in 1867, and was later given to Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Until World War I, the Dominions were not recognized as entities under international law, but they sent individual representatives to the Paris Peace Conference after the war and participated in the League of Nations as founding members. Furthermore, the Balfour Report was adopted at the British Imperial Conference in 1926, which declared that the Dominions had an equal status with the United Kingdom as members of the Commonwealth bound by a common allegiance to the British King. The Statute of Westminster in 1931 declared Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Newfoundland to be dominions and fully independent countries in law. After World War II, they began to conclude treaties with foreign countries and exchange diplomatic missions as fully independent countries, and also became members of the United Nations. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
元来は大英帝国の有力な植民地に与えられた名称であるが,その意味は時代とともに変化した。 1867年にカナダが自治権を獲得した際に初めてこの名称が与えられ,以後オーストラリア,ニュージーランド,南アフリカにもこの名称が与えられた。第1次世界大戦までは自治領に国際法上の主体性は認められなかったが,戦後のパリ講和会議には個々に代表を送り,国際連盟にも原加盟国として参加した。さらに 1926年のイギリス帝国会議でバルフォア報告が採択され,自治領はイギリス国王に対する共通の忠誠によって結ばれるコモンウェルスの一員としてイギリスと対等の地位を有することが宣言された。 31年のウェストミンスター法律は,カナダ,オーストラリア,ニュージーランド,南アフリカ,ニューファンドランドを自治領としてあげ,法的に完全な独立国であることが宣言された。第2次世界大戦後は完全な独立国として外国と条約を結び,外交使節を交換するようになり,国際連合の加盟国にもなった。
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