Apparent horizon

Japanese: 視地平線 - しちへいせん(英語表記)apparent horizon
Apparent horizon
The horizon that should be seen if the terrain were flat. What is called the horizon or horizontal line is theoretically a line at an altitude of 0°, but because the Earth is spherical, the horizon that is actually seen is lower than 0° depending on the observer's height. This angle is called the horizon depression angle, or dip of horizon. The horizon when a person's eyes are above sea level is at an altitude of 0°, but when a person stands above sea level, the horizon appears to be about 0.04° lower than an altitude of 0°, and the horizon seen from a 3000m mountain or an airplane appears to be 1.8° lower than an altitude of 0°, but in reality, due to the influence of atmospheric refraction, the horizon that should be 1.9° lower appears to be raised and 1.6° lower.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
地形に起伏がないとしたときに見えるべき地平線。地平線または水平線と呼ばれているものは,理論的には高度0゜の線であるが,地球が球形になっているため,観測者の高さによって実際に見える地平線は高度0゜よりも下になっている。この角を地平俯角,あるいは眼高差dip of horizonと呼んでいる。海面上に人間の目があったときの水平線は高度0゜であるが,海面上に人間が立ったときの水平線は高度0゜より0.゜04程度下に見え,3000mの山,または航空機から見る地平線は高度0゜より1.゜8下に見えることになるが,実際には大気の屈折の影響を受けて1.゜9下にあるべき地平線が浮き上がって1.゜6下に見える。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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