Shizuoka Prefecture

Japanese: 静岡[県] - しずおか

A prefecture facing the Pacific Ocean in the southeastern part of the Chubu region. The prefectural capital is Shizuoka City. Area: 7,777.42 ^km2 . Population: 3,765,007 (2010). [History] Formerly the three provinces of Izu, Suruga, and Totomi, the Ashikaga, Imagawa, and Hojo clans wielded power in the Middle Ages. Tokugawa Ieyasu unified the country with Suruga, Totomi, and Mikawa as his bases. The Edo Shogunate placed great importance on this region, making Suruga and Totomi Shogunate territories, fudai daimyo territories, and hatamoto territories, and Izu directly controlled by the Shogunate. The Tokaido road runs along the Pacific coast, and 22 of the 53 post stations on the road belonged to these three provinces, with a checkpoint set up in Arai. In 1869, Shizuoka Prefecture was established in Suruga and Hamamatsu Prefecture in Totomi. Izu became Nirayama Prefecture in 1868, Ashigara Prefecture in 1871, and then merged with Shizuoka Prefecture in 1876. Hamamatsu Prefecture also merged with Shizuoka Prefecture in the same year to form the current prefectural boundaries. [Nature] The Itoi River-Shizuoka Tectonic Line runs north to south through the center of the prefecture, with the eastern side being made up of volcanic rocks (Tertiary andesite, tuff, etc.) from volcanoes such as Mt. Fuji, and the western side being made up of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks such as the Akaishi Mountains, creating a striking contrast. The Tenryu River, Oi River, Abe River, and other rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean, forming alluvial fans downstream, and the old alluvial plains are elevated to form the plateaus of Mikatahara, Iwatahara, and Makinohara. The Izu Peninsula is located in the east, and together with Omaezaki, it embraces Suruga Bay, and Lake Hamana is located in the west. The western Pacific coast is a continuous series of monotonous sandy beaches, but the coast of the Izu Peninsula has many small inlets and outlets. It has a typical Pacific climate, with warm temperatures and lots of rain, and the southern part of the Izu Peninsula is particularly marine. The foothills of Mount Fuji have a cool highland climate. [Industry] The population breakdown by industry is 4.9% primary, 34.5% secondary, and 59.6% tertiary (2005). Due to the widespread mountainous region and the progress of urbanization, cultivated land is only 9.7% of the total area, of which 33.3% is rice paddies (2003). About 50% of the farmland is tea plantations, mandarin orange orchards, and other orchards, with tea being mainly grown in Makinohara and mandarin oranges thriving on the mountain slopes of Shizuoka City, around Lake Hamana, and on the Izu Peninsula, and both are representative products of the prefecture. In the eastern Tokaido countryside, forced vegetables such as radishes and carrots are cultivated, while in the western region, onions and Chinese cabbage are cultivated, while on the Izu Peninsula, flowers, early peas, and wasabi are cultivated. Melons, cucumbers, and tomatoes are grown in greenhouses, and Ishigaki strawberries, which take advantage of the warm climate, are also produced in abundance. The fishing industry has also developed around the ports of Yaizu and Shimizu, and deep-sea fishing of tuna and bonito is thriving. In cities along the Pacific coast, such as Hamamatsu, Fuji, Iwata, and Shizuoka, industry has developed to a high level, forming coastal industrial zones, and the prefecture as a whole generated 15,963.8 billion yen, second only to Aichi in the Chubu region and third in the nation (2003). With Takayama behind it and a strip of flat land along the Pacific coast, Shizuoka Prefecture has strong east-west exchange and acts as a corridor connecting the Kanto region with the Chukyo and Kansai regions. In the eastern part of the prefecture, where the paper and textile industries were thriving, there are related machine tools and electrical equipment, and because it is close to the metropolitan area, there are also many companies and research institutes in the cutting-edge technology industry. In the central part of the prefecture, local industries such as woodworking and tea in Shizuoka City and seafood processing in the former Shimizu City (merged with Shizuoka City in 2003) were thriving, but electrical equipment and general machinery industries are developing. In the area centered on Hamamatsu City in the western part of the prefecture, cotton textiles were once thriving, but musical instrument manufacturing such as pianos, and automobile and motorcycle parts industries have developed significantly. The area has also been designated as the Hamamatsu Regional Technopolis, and cutting-edge industries have developed significantly. There are Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, Southern Alps National Park, and Tenryu-Okumikawa Quasi-National Park, and there are many tourist spots such as Mount Fuji, the hot spring cities of Atami, Ito, Shuzenji, Izunagaoka, and many hot springs such as Yugashima, the scenic Izu West Coast, Miho no Matsubara, Nihon-daira, Sakuma Dam, and Lake Hamana. [Transportation] East-west transportation has developed along the flat belts along the Pacific coast, with the Tokaido Main Line, Shinkansen, Shin-Tomei and Tomei Expressways, and National Route 1 running through the area. In addition, the Ito Line, Izukyu Line, and Izu-Hakone Railway run along the narrow flat land to the Izu Peninsula, the Gotemba Line, Minobu Line, and Gakunan Railway to the eastern part of the prefecture, Shizuoka Railway and Oigawa Railway to the central part of the prefecture, and Enshu Railway and Tenryu Hamanako Railway to the western part of the prefecture. Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport opened in June 2009 on the Makinohara Plateau.
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Japanese:

中部地方南東部，太平洋に面する県。県庁所在地は静岡市。7777.42km²。376万5007人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての伊豆国，駿河国，遠江(とおとうみ)国の３国に当たり，中世は足利，今川，北条氏などが勢力を振るった。徳川家康が駿河，遠江，三河を地盤にして天下を統一。江戸幕府はこの地を重視して駿河，遠江を幕府領，譜代大名領，旗本領とし，伊豆を直轄地とした。太平洋岸は東海道が通じ，その53宿のうち22宿が３国に属し，新居(あらい)には関所が置かれた。1869年駿河に静岡県，遠江に浜松県が置かれ，伊豆は1868年韮山(にらやま)県，1871年足柄県を経て1876年静岡県と合併，同年浜松県も静岡県に合併して現県域となる。〔自然〕　県のほぼ中央を糸魚(いとい)川‐静岡構造線が南北に走り，その東側は富士山など諸火山の火山性岩石（第三紀安山岩，凝灰岩など），西側は赤石山脈などの古生層，中生層の堆積岩からなり著しい対照をなす。天竜川，大井川，安倍川などが太平洋に注ぎ，下流に扇状地の沖積平野を形成，古い沖積平野は隆起して三方原，磐田原，牧ノ原の台地をなす。東部に伊豆半島があり，御前崎とともに駿河湾を抱き，西部には浜名湖がある。太平洋岸西部は単調な砂浜が続くが，伊豆半島の海岸は小出入が多い。典型的な太平洋側気候を呈し，温暖多雨，特に伊豆半島南部は海洋性。富士山麓は高冷地の気候を示す。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次4.9％，第２次34.5％，第３次59.6％（2005）。山地が広く都市化が進んだため耕地は全面積の9.7％にすぎず，その33.3％が水田である（2003）。畑地の約５割は茶園とミカン園などの樹園地で，茶は牧ノ原が中心，ミカンは静岡市の山地斜面，浜名湖周辺，伊豆半島で盛んで，ともに県の代表的産物になっている。東部の東海道沿いの農村ではダイコン，ニンジンなどの促成野菜，西部ではネギ，ハクサイ，伊豆半島では花卉(かき)，早生(わせ)エンドウ，ワサビなどが栽培される。温室によるメロン，キュウリ，トマト，温暖な気候を利用した石垣イチゴも多産。焼津港，清水港を中心に水産業も発達，マグロ・カツオ遠洋漁業が盛んである。浜松，富士，磐田，静岡など太平洋岸の諸都市では工業が高度に発達して臨海工業地域を形成し，県全体で15兆9638億円を上げ，中部地方では愛知に次いで２位，全国で３位を占める（2003）。静岡県は背後に高山を控え，太平洋岸沿いに平地が帯状に分布することから，東西方向の交流が強く，関東と中京・関西とを結ぶ回廊的性格を持っている。製紙，繊維工業の盛んであった県東部には，関連の工作機械，電気機器のほか首都圏に近いため先端技術産業の企業や研究所が集まっている。県中部では静岡市の木工，茶，旧清水市（2003年，静岡市と合併）の水産加工などの地場産業が盛んであったが，電気機器，一般機器工業が発展している。県西部の浜松市を中心とした地域では，かつては綿織物が盛んであったが，ピアノなどの楽器製造，自動車，オートバイ部品工業が大きく発展し，また〈浜松地域テクノポリス〉に指定され，先端産業の発展も著しい。富士箱根伊豆国立公園，南アルプス国立公園，天竜奥三河国定公園があり，富士山，温泉都市の熱海や伊東，修善寺，伊豆長岡，湯ヶ島など多くの温泉，景勝の伊豆西海岸，三保松原，日本平，佐久間ダム，浜名湖など観光地が多い。〔交通〕　太平洋岸に帯状に分布する平地に沿って東西方向の交通が発達し，東海道本線・新幹線，新東名・東名高速道路，国道１号線が縦貫している。このほか狭い平地に沿って伊豆半島に伊東線，伊豆急行，伊豆箱根鉄道，県東部に御殿場線，身延線，岳南鉄道，県央部に静岡鉄道，大井川鉄道，県西部に遠州鉄道，天竜浜名湖鉄道が通じる。牧之原台地に富士山静岡空港が2009年６月開港。
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