The remains of medieval Islamic architecture in Granada, Spain. World-famous for its refined and splendid beauty. Located on the small, boat-shaped hill of Sabika, it was originally a fortified city with a wall surrounding a fortress, royal palace, baths, and a mosque. The etymology of Alhambra is Al-hamra, meaning red, and comes from the color of the red plaster on the walls. Construction began during the reign of Muhammad I (reigned 1230-1272) of the Nasrid dynasty, the last Islamic dynasty, but most of the current remains were built in the 14th century under the reigns of Yusuf I and Muhammad V. The palace has an irregular plan, but is basically composed of three courtyards (patios). In the "Courtyard of the Peach Gold Maidens," peach gold maidens are planted on the east and west sides of a rectangular pond, and the king's public spaces, such as the audience hall, are lined up around it. The king's private space was set up around the famous "Court of the Lions", where the lion fountain in the center and the slender marble columns surrounding it create a delicate and harmonious space. The ceilings, walls and floors of each room, such as the "Hall of the Two Sisters", are covered with arabesque patterns made of lacquer and colored tiles, and the exquisite manmade beauty of this work cannot help but draw the viewer into a dreamlike world. It is registered as a World Heritage Site along with the Generalife Palace and the Albaicin district in the same city (World Cultural Heritage). [Shinozuka Fumio] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スペインのグラナダにある中世イスラム建築の遺構。洗練された華麗な美しさで世界的に有名。小高い船形の丘サビーカの上にあり、元来は砦(とりで)、王宮、浴場、モスクなどを城壁で囲んだ城塞(じょうさい)都市であった。アルハンブラの語源は、赤を意味するアル・ハムラであり、城壁に塗られた赤い漆食(しっくい)の色に由来している。イスラム最後の王朝ナスル朝のムハンマド1世(在位1230~1272)のときに造営が開始されたが、現在の遺構のほとんどは14世紀のユースフ1世とムハンマド5世の治下に建設されたものである。宮殿全体のプランは不定形であるが、基本的には三つの中庭(パティオ)を中心に構成されている。「桃金嬢(ミルト)の中庭」では長方形の池の東西に桃金嬢(テンニンカ)が植えられ、その周辺に謁見の間などの王の公的空間が並んでいる。名高い「獅子(しし)の中庭」の周囲には王の私的空間が設けられており、中央の獅子の噴水と、周囲に林立する細身の大理石円柱とが、繊細で調和ある空間をつくりだしている。「二姉妹の間」などの各部屋の天井、壁、床は、漆食と彩色タイルによるアラベスク模様で埋め尽くされており、その精緻(せいち)きわまる人工美は、見る人を夢幻的世界に誘い込まずにはおかない。同市内のヘネラリーフェ離宮、アルバイシン地区とともに世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [篠塚二三男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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