Santa Cruz (English spelling)

Japanese: サンタ･クルス（英語表記）Santa Cruz

It is the second largest city in Bolivia and is located in the eastern lowlands. It is the capital of the state of the same name. It has a population of 767,260 (1993). It was founded by the Spaniards in 1561, and most of its inhabitants were immigrants from Andalusia. Its climate is subtropical. It was isolated for a long time, but since the Bolivian Revolution of 1952 it has become the center of development in the eastern lowlands. Since 1970, it has rapidly developed as an oil field region due to the development of oil and gas. On the other hand, since the 1950s, internal migration from the highlands has progressed, and settlements for foreigners, including Japanese, have been opened. At the same time, production of agricultural products such as cotton, sugarcane, rice, and soybeans in the hinterland has increased, and it has become important as a distribution center and processing center for agricultural products.

Santa Cruz [Andrés Santa Cruz]

1792‐1865
Bolivian soldier and politician. Born in La Paz to a Spanish father and a mother of a descendant of Inca royalty, he initially joined the Spanish army, but was captured by the independence movement led by San Martín in 1820 and converted to independence. He led the wars of independence in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. He served as acting president of Peru under Bolivar from 1826 to 1827, and was elected president of Bolivia for a ten-year term in 1829. He used his strong power to turn around Bolivia's political and economic stagnation and brought prosperity to the country through progressive policies.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ボリビア第2の都市で，東部低地に位置する。同名州の州都。人口76万7260(1993)。1561年スペイン人が建設し，住民はアンダルシアからの移民が多かった。気候は亜熱帯に属する。長く孤絶状態にあったが，1952年のボリビア革命以後は東部低地の開発の中心地となっている。70年以後は，石油，ガス開発により油田地帯として急速な発展をとげた。その一方では，1950年代以降高地からの国内移住が進み，日本人をはじめとする外国人の移住地が開かれるとともに，後背地での綿花，サトウキビ，米，大豆などの農産物の生産が増大し，農産物の集散地，加工地としての重要性も大きくなった。

サンタ･クルス【Andrés Santa Cruz】

1792‐1865
ボリビアの軍人，政治家。スペイン人を父，インカ王族の末裔を母としてラ･パスに生まれ，最初スペイン軍に加わったが，1820年サン･マルティンの率いる独立派に捕らえられ，独立派に転向した。エクアドル，ペルー，ボリビアの独立戦争を指導。26年から27年までボリーバルの下でペルー大統領の代理をつとめ，29年に任期10年のボリビア大統領に選ばれた。彼は強権をもってボリビアの政治･経済の停滞を立て直し，進歩的政策によって国の繁栄をもたらした。

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