Sankei Jishō

Japanese: 算経十書 - さんけいじっしょ
Sankei Jishō

There are ten ancient Chinese mathematics books that remain today, and they are called the Ten Books of Suanjing. These books are Zhoupi Suanjing, Jiuzhang Suanshu, Haidao Suanjing, Sun Tzu Suanjing, Wusuo Suanjing, Xiahouyang Suanjing, Zhang Qiujian Suanjing, Wujing Suanshu, Jigu Suanjing, and Zhushu. Of these, Zhushu has been lost since ancient times, and instead, Sushu Jiyi has been added to make the Ten Books of Suanjing. These Ten Books were used as texts in classical Chinese studies during the Tang Dynasty. Of these, Haidao Suanjing is an extension of the Jiuzhang Suanshu (calculation using the properties of right-angled triangles), and Wujing Suanshu and Wucao Suanshu are small works. Xiahouyang Suanjing is a fragmentary work. Among these, the most important ones are the Sun Tzu Suanjing and the Zhang Qiujian Suanjing, which are somewhat more elementary than the Nine Chapters on Mathematics, but are well organized. The two books are the main and sequel volumes. The Jigu Suanjing was written in the Tang dynasty and is the newest, dealing with cubic equations.

[Shinichi Oya]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国古代の数学書で今日現存するものが10種類あり、これを算経十書と称する。すなわち『周髀算経(しゅうひさんけい)』『九章算術』『海島算経』『孫子算経』『五曹(ごそう)算経』『夏侯陽算経』『張邱建(ちょうきゅうけん)算経』『五経算術』『緝古(しゅうこ)算経』に『綴術(てつじゅつ)』を加えたものである。このうち『綴術』は古くから亡失し、そのかわりに『数術記遺』を加えて算経十書と称している。この十書は唐代には国学においてテキストとして用いられたものである。このうち『海島算経』は『九章算術』の句股(こうこ)章(直角三角形の性質を使う計算)の拡張であり、『五経算術』『五曹算術』は小著でいうに足りない。『夏侯陽算経』は残欠である。したがって、このうち重要なものは『孫子算経』と『張邱建算経』で、この二つは『九章算術』に比べてやや初歩的であるが、よくまとまっている。この両書は正編、続編の関係にある。『緝古算経』は唐代の著で、もっとも新しく、三次方程式を取り扱っている。

[大矢真一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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