Remaining hill - Zankyu

Japanese: 残丘 - ざんきゅう
Remaining hill - Zankyu

A small mountain-like landform that stands out on a peneplain. It is also called a monadnock. W. M. Davis of the United States considered Mt. Monadnock in the southwest of New Hampshire to be a typical hillock landform, and adopted the specific place name as the geomorphological term. Hillocks made of rock layers that are highly resistant to erosion are called hard rock hillocks or solid hillocks. Hillocks that were not eroded because they were located near a watershed far from the erosion base level (the sea level when erosion is occurring) are called remote hillocks or source hillocks. Hillocks are landforms formed at the end of river erosion, but Mt. Monadnock is known to have been eroded by ice sheets during the Pleistocene period of the Cenozoic era. Research is also being conducted on hillocks that developed in non-humid climate zones, such as Bornhard in East Africa and Ayers Rock in Central Australia.

[Takuma Arii]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

準平原上に孤立して突出している小山塊状地形。モナドノックともいう。アメリカのW・M・デービスは、アメリカ、ニュー・ハンプシャー州の南西にあるモナドノック山Mt. Monadnockが典型的な残丘地形であると考えて、固有の地名を地形学用語として採用した。侵食に対する抵抗性が強い岩層からなる残丘は、硬岩残丘または堅牢残丘(けんろうざんきゅう)とよばれる。また侵食基準面(侵食が行われているときの海水面)から遠い距離にある分水界付近にあったため、侵食されないで残留した残丘は、遠隔残丘または源地残丘とよばれる。残丘は、河川侵食の終末期に形成された地形であるが、モナドノック山は新生代更新世の氷床氷食作用を受けたことが知られている。東アフリカのボルンハルトや中央オーストラリアのエアーズ・ロックのように、湿潤でない気候帯に発達した残丘の研究も行われている。

[有井琢磨]

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