Sangaku - Sangaku

Japanese: 三学 - さんがく

Since early Buddhism, there have been three basic paths that Buddhist practitioners must practice. These are the study of precepts, the study of concentration, and the study of wisdom. The study of precepts involves upholding the precepts. The study of concentration involves concentrating the mind and not letting it become distracted. The study of wisdom involves trying to free oneself from worldly desires and attain the wisdom to know the truth. The three studies of precepts, concentration, and wisdom are said to complement each other and should be practiced together. In other words, where there are precepts, there is wisdom, and where there is wisdom, there are precepts. In Mahayana Buddhism, these three studies developed into the six paramitas (generosity, keeping the precepts, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom), which are the basic practical paths.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

原始仏教以来，仏道修行者が修すべき3つの基本的な道。戒学，定学，慧学をいう。戒学は戒律を護持すること。定学は精神を集中して心を散乱させないこと。慧学は煩悩を離れ真実を知る智慧を獲得するように努めること。戒，定，慧の三学は互いに補い合って修すべきものであるとする。すなわち，戒あれば慧あり，慧あれば戒ありなどという。この三学は大乗仏教になると基本的実践道である六波羅蜜 (布施，持戒，忍辱，精進，禅定，智慧) に発展する。

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