Takagi - Kouboku

Japanese: 高木 - こうぼく
Takagi - Kouboku

Ecologically, it is a plant that grows large by overpowering other plants. It is also called a tall tree. Its three basic elements are a crown with leaves and branches, a trunk with few branches, and underground roots. In a broad sense, it includes palms, tree ferns, bamboos, etc., but generally it refers to broadleaf and coniferous trees that have secondary tissue called wood, which is made of the cambium (a row of dividing cells between the xylem and phloem of the stem and roots), and grow large. Lignin is deposited in the wood. If defined by such tissue anatomical characteristics, large monocotyledonous plants such as palms, bananas, and bamboos cannot be called trees, but rather giant grasses. In the life type classification by plant ecologist Ranckel, a tall tree is one that is 8 meters or taller, and in the field of forestry, one that is 4 meters or taller and whose wood can be used is called a tall tree. Broadleaf trees have a long life span of 200 to 300 years, while conifers have a long life span of 500 to 1000 years. As a result, not only do individual sizes change, but also physiological characteristics change depending on the growth stage from seedling, sapling, to mature tree. Generally, they reach reproductive age and flower and bear fruit in 10 to 30 years, but in locations that promote vegetative growth, the sapling stage is short and they transition to reproductive growth early. Pioneer species also begin reproductive growth earlier than climax species.

[Masahiko Osawa]

[Reference item] | Wood | Trees | Life form | Lignin

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

生態学的な定義で、他の植物を被圧し大形になる植物のこと。喬木(きょうぼく)ともいう。葉と枝をつける樹冠、枝のほとんどない幹、地下部の根という三つの部分が基本的要素である。広い意味ではヤシ類、木生シダ類、タケ類などを含めるが、一般的には、形成層(茎、根の木部と篩部(しぶ)との間にある分裂細胞の列)によってつくられる材とよばれる二次組織をもち、肥大成長する広葉樹、針葉樹をさす。材にはリグニンが沈着する。このような組織解剖学的特徴で定義すると、ヤシ類、バナナ、タケ類など単子葉類の大形植物は木とはよべず、巨大な草ということになる。植物生態学者ラウンケルの生活型分類では樹高8メートル以上を高木とよび、林学の分野では材が利用可能になる4メートル以上を高木とよんでいる。寿命は広葉樹で200~300年、針葉樹で500~1000年と長いので、実生(みしょう)、稚樹、成木と成長段階によって個体の大きさだけでなく、生理的諸性質も変化する。一般に10~30年で生殖齢に達し開花、結実するが、栄養成長を促進するような立地では稚樹期は短くて、早く生殖成長に移行する。また、先駆性樹種も、極相性樹種より早く生殖成長をするようになる。

[大澤雅彦]

[参照項目] | | 樹木 | 生活型 | リグニン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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