Zagreb - Zagreb (English spelling)

Japanese: ザグレブ - ざぐれぶ（英語表記）Zagreb

The capital of the Republic of Croatia. Austrian name is Agram. It is located in northwest Croatia, on the slope of the Medvednica hills on the Sava River. Za means back, and Greb means hill. It is the largest city in Croatia, with a population of 779,145 (2001). It is a key location for railroads and roads connecting Central and Southeastern Europe with the Adriatic coast, and has an international airport. It was the center of modern industry in the former Yugoslavia, accounting for about 10% of the country's industrial production. The machinery, metal, electrical, and chemical industries are particularly thriving, and there is an electrical equipment factory that was one of the largest in the former Yugoslavia. There is also an international trade fair site on the Sava River. There are also many educational and research facilities, such as the Academy of Sciences and Arts, a comprehensive university, a music university, an art university, and a nuclear research institute.

[Kazuko Urushibara]

history

A bishopric was established in 1094, and after the Tatar invasion in 1242, Gradec (now the Upper Town district) became a free royal city and a fortress was built. The district contains the Gothic Church of St. Mark, the Baroque Church of St. Catherine, and the neo-classical Draskovic Castle. The Kaptol district was surrounded by a defensive moat from 1466, and contains the Church of St. Stephen with its 13th-century frescoed sacristy and the Gothic cathedral. In the 1830s, it became the center of the movement for the unification of the South Slavs and the independence of Croatia, led by the literary and political figure Gay. Bishop Strossmajer, who had a strong ideological influence on the movement, also participated in the founding of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (1867) and the University of Zagreb (1874). It was hit by an earthquake in 1880, but was later reborn as a modern city. In 1918, the National Council, which aimed to unite Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, was established in Zagreb, and a resolution was passed to form a single state. It became the capital of the independent state of Croatia when it was established in 1941-45. It was then part of the former Yugoslavia, but Croatia gained independence in 1991.

[Kazuko Urushibara]

[References] | Croatia | Strossmayr

Zagreb city
The capital of Croatia, located in the northwest of the country. The old town (pictured) retains the townscape of the 18th and 19th centuries, in contrast to the modern new town. Croatia Zagreb ©Masashi Tanaka ">

Zagreb city

Jelacic Square
Located between the old town and the new town, it is a busy area with many people passing through. The trams that run through the city are an important means of transportation for the citizens. Croatia Zagreb ©Masashi Tanaka ">

Jelacic Square

Zagreb Central Station
The central station of the Croatian railway network. Located in the new town, Tomislav Square in front of the station is a place of relaxation for the citizens. Croatia Zagreb ©Masashi Tanaka ">

Zagreb Central Station

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

クロアチア共和国の首都。オーストリア名アーグラムAgram。クロアチア北西部、サバ川河畔のメドベドニツァMedvednica丘陵の斜面に位置する。ザZaは後方、グレブgrebは丘陵の意。クロアチア第一の都市で、人口77万9145（2001）。中部ヨーロッパや南東ヨーロッパとアドリア海岸とを結ぶ鉄道、道路の要所であり、国際空港がある。旧ユーゴスラビアの近代工業の中心地で、全国の工業生産の約10％をあげていた。とくに機械、金属、電気、化学工業が盛んで、かつてのユーゴでも最大級であった電気機器工場がある。サバ川河畔には国際見本市の会場もある。また、科学芸術アカデミー、総合大学、音楽大学、美術大学、原子力研究所など、教育・研究施設も多い。

［漆原和子］

歴史

1094年に司教座が置かれ、1242年タタール人の侵入後、グラデッツGradec（現在の上町地区）が王国自由都市となり、要塞(ようさい)が築かれた。この地区にはゴシック様式の聖マルコ教会、バロック様式の聖カタリナ寺院、ネオ・クラシックのドラスコビツ城がある。また、カプトルKaptol地区には1466年以後、防御の濠(ほり)が巡らされ、この地区には13世紀のフレスコ画のある聖具安置所やゴシック様式の大聖堂を伴った聖ステファン寺院がある。1830年代には南スラブの統一とクロアチアの自治独立運動の中心的都市となり、文学者、政治家のガイが運動を主導した。運動に強い思想的影響を及ぼした司教シュトロスマイエルは、ユーゴスラビア科学・芸術アカデミー（1867）やザグレブ大学（1874）の創設にも加わった。1880年地震にみまわれ、以後、近代都市に生まれかわった。1918年にはセルビア人、クロアチア人、スロベニア人の統一を目ざした国民評議会がザグレブに設立され、単一国家結成の決議がなされた。1941～45年のクロアチア独立国樹立の際にはその首都となった。その後旧ユーゴスラビアに属していたが、1991年クロアチアは独立した。

［漆原和子］

[参照項目] | クロアチア | シュトロスマイエル

ザグレブ市街

イェラチチ広場

ザグレブ中央駅

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