In industrial, mining, fishing, railroad and other transportation enterprises, land, buildings, machinery, equipment, industrial property rights, etc., used for the management of the enterprise are treated as one object and a mortgage is established on it. Under the Civil Code, real rights can only be established on individual objects, so it is very troublesome to use an entire enterprise as collateral, and it is impossible to grasp the value of the enterprise as an organic whole. Therefore, after the Russo-Japanese War, in 1905 (Meiji 38), when capitalism developed rapidly, the Factory Mortgage Law, Mining Mortgage Law, and Railway Mortgage Law were enacted, and the foundation mortgage system was established, making it easier to use enterprises as collateral. This system was further expanded by the Law on Railway Mortgages (1909), Fishery Foundation Mortgage Law (1925), Port Transportation Business Law (1951), Road Transportation Business Mortgage Law (1952), and Tourist Facilities Foundation Mortgage Law (1968). In order to publicly announce a foundation, a foundation inventory must be prepared and submitted and certain registrations or registrations must be made. [Yasuyuki Takahashi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
工業・鉱業・漁業・鉄道その他の交通事業などの企業において、その企業の経営のための土地・建物・機械・器具・工業所有権(産業財産権)などを一括して一つの物として取り扱い、このうえに抵当権を設定する制度。民法では個々の物のうえにしか物権が成立しないので、ある企業全体を担保にするには非常にめんどうで、しかも、企業を有機的な一体としてその価値を把握することが不可能である。そこで、日露戦争後、資本主義が急激に発達した1905年(明治38)に工場抵当法、鉱業抵当法、鉄道抵当法を制定して、財団抵当の制度を創設することによって、企業の担保化を容易にしたのである。その後、軌道ノ抵当ニ関スル法律(1909)、漁業財団抵当法(1925)、港湾運送事業法(1951)、道路交通事業抵当法(1952)、観光施設財団抵当法(1968)などによってこの制度はさらに拡充された。財団を公示するためには財団目録を作成・提出したうえで一定の登記または登録をしなければならない。 [高橋康之] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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