Volume of wood

Japanese: 材積 - ざいせき
Volume of wood

It is a term used to express the volume of wood, including standing trees, and is expressed in units of cubic meters ( m3 ). In the lumber industry, ryume (or ryube) is an abbreviated form of cubic meters (also written as cubic rice). The metric system of expressing timber volume became widespread in the lumber industry after the promulgation of the new Measurement Act in 1992. Until then, the method of expressing timber volume in koku (1 koku = 1 shaku in length and width, 10 shaku in length, 1 shaku = 30.303 centimeters) was widely used. Expressing timber volume in koku has been used for many years because of its ease of use. The volume of cedar plantations at the time of felling when the trees are 40 or 50 years old is about 1,000 koku (1 koku = 0.27826 cubic meters) per chobu (approximately 1 hectare), which was convenient for considering forest management.

The trunk volume of a standing tree with branches removed is calculated using a standing timber volume table based on the trunk diameter at breast height and the tree height to the tip. The volume of a log is calculated using a log volume table based on the product of the end (minimum) diameter of the log and its length. The JAS (Japan Agricultural Standards) method is used to calculate the volume of timber in market transactions. The Forestry Statistics Handbook, compiled by the Forestry Agency, lists the log conversion rate (yield) for lumber products, as well as log conversion rates for plywood measured in square meters, pulp and chip lumber measured in tons, and inch lumber. The timber self-sufficiency rate (share of domestic timber supply in timber supply) is calculated by converting it into logs using this conversion rate.

[Yamagishi Kiyotaka]

[Reference] | Tree survey

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

立木(りゅうぼく)を含め木材の体積を表す用語であり、立方メートル(m3)の単位で表示する。木材業界では、立方メートル(立米とも書く)表示を簡略化してリュウメ(リュウベ)とよぶ。木材業界においてメートル法による材積表示が普及するのは1992(平成4)の新しい「計量法」の公布以降である。それまでは、石(こく)(1石=縦横1尺、長さ10尺、1尺=30.303センチメートル)で材積を表示する方法が多くとられてきた。石による材積表示は、使い勝手のよさから、長年にわたり使われてきた。樹齢40年生、50年生の伐採時のスギ人工林の材積は、1町歩(ちょうぶ)(約1ヘクタール)あたり1000石(1石=0.27826立方メートル)前後となり、山林経営を考えるうえで利便性があった。

 枝を払った立木の幹材積は、胸の高さの幹直径と先端までの樹高から立木材積表によって積算される。また、丸太の材積は、丸太の末口(最小)直径と丸太の長さの積から丸太材積表によって求められる。市場取引における材積計算の方法はJAS(ジャス)(日本農林規格)方式が用いられている。林野庁監修の『林業統計要覧』には、製材品の丸太換算率(歩留り)をはじめ、平方メートル表示の合板やトン表示のパルプ・チップ材、インチ材などの丸太換算率が掲載されている。木材自給率(木材供給に占める国産材供給シェア)は、この換算率で丸太に換算され試算される。

[山岸清隆]

[参照項目] | 測樹

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