It generally refers to a constitution, meaning a written law that is at the top of positive law and has the strongest formal effect. Its ideological origins are inseparable from the idea of the "superiority of law" in England, and it was established as a concept of a higher law that restricts arbitrary political power, and this idea was embodied in Article 6, paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the United States of America. This was inherited in Chapter 10 of the Constitution of Japan. Article 98, paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Japan states, "This Constitution is the supreme law of the nation, and no law, order, imperial ordinance, or other act of government, or part thereof, contrary to the provisions hereof, shall have legal force or validity." In the case of the Constitution of the United States of America, the supreme law of the federal constitution, federal laws, and treaties, which it stipulates, mainly means that they take precedence over the constitutions and laws of each state, which is different from the case of Japan, which is not a federal state. Regarding the Japanese Constitution, there is a view that it is natural that it is the supreme law, and that there is no need to explicitly state it, and therefore it is an unnecessary provision, but it is difficult to say that the maturity of Japanese democracy has been established to the point where this provision is unnecessary, and it can be said that this provision has value. The system that guarantees the supreme law of the Constitution is the power to review unconstitutional legislation. [Masaaki Ikeda] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
実定法の頂点に位置し、もっとも強い形式的効力をもつ成文法の意味で、一般に憲法をさす。その思想的源流は、イギリスにおける「法の優位」の思想と不可分のものとして、専制的な政治権力を制約する高次の法の観念として成立し、この思想はアメリカ合衆国憲法第6条2項に具体化された。これが日本国憲法第10章に継受された。日本国憲法第98条1項は「この憲法は、国の最高法規であつて、その条規に反する法律、命令、詔勅及び国務に関するその他の行為の全部又は一部は、その効力を有しない」と定めている。アメリカ合衆国憲法の場合は、それが定める連邦憲法、連邦法律、条約の最高法規性は、主として各州憲法や法律に優先することを意味するので、連邦でない日本の場合とは異なる。ところで日本の憲法について、それが最高法規であることは理の当然で、あえて明文の規定を必要としない、したがって不必要の規定である、とする見解もあるが、日本の民主主義の成熟度は、この規定を不必要とするまで確立しているとはいいがたく、そこにこの規定の存在価値があるといえる。この憲法の最高法規性を保障する制度として違憲立法審査権がある。 [池田政章] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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