Zaikabou

The spinning industry in China was run by Japanese capital. Mitsui & Co. was the first to invest in the Shanghai Spinning Company in 1902 (Meiji 35) and take over its management, and in 1918, another trading company, Naigaiwata, built a factory in Shanghai. Spinning companies had accumulated huge profits during World War I, but in an environment where exporting cotton yarn became difficult due to rising wage costs, leading companies such as Dai-Nippon Spinning, Toyobo (later independent as Yuho Spinning), and Kanegafuchi Spinning (with its subsidiary Shanghai Silk Manufacturing Co., Ltd.) advanced into Shanghai and Qingdao one after another. Investments in spinning companies in China accounted for 29% of direct business investments in the Chinese region excluding "Manchuria" (1930). The spinning companies in China brought Japanese-style management and overwhelmed the ethnically-capitalized spinning companies, but they became targets of anti-Japanese movements such as the May 30th Incident in 1925 (Taisho 14). In the 1930s, in response to the Japanese army's advance into North China, the company advanced into Tianjin, and when the Sino-Japanese War began, it took over management of the ethnically-capitalized spinning companies that had been seized by the Japanese army, thereby dominating China's cotton industry. However, after Japan's defeat in the war, all of its facilities were seized by the Chinese side and the company disappeared.

[Naosuke Takamura]

"Modern Japanese Cotton Industry and China" by Takamura Naosuke (1982, University of Tokyo Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国において日本資本が経営した紡績業。三井物産が1902年（明治35）上海(シャンハイ)紡績会社に一部出資してその経営を引き受けたのが最初で、11年にはやはり商社の内外綿が上海に工場を建設した。第一次世界大戦で巨額の利潤を蓄積した紡績会社は、賃金コスト上昇による綿糸輸出の困難化という情勢の下で、大日本紡、東洋紡（のち裕豊(ゆうほう)紡として独立）、鐘淵(かねがふち)紡（子会社上海製造絹糸）など有力各社が相次いで上海、青島(チンタオ)に進出した。在華紡投資額は、「満州」を除く中国関内への直接事業投資の29％を占めるに至った（1930）。在華紡は日本式経営を持ち込んで民族資本紡を圧倒したが、25年（大正14）の五・三〇事件などでは排日運動の標的となった。30年代には日本軍の華北進出に呼応して天津(てんしん／ティエンチン)にも進出し、日中戦争が始まると、日本軍の接収した民族資本紡の経営をも引き受けて中国綿業を支配したが、敗戦によって全設備を中国側に接収されて消滅した。

［高村直助］

『高村直助著『近代日本綿業と中国』（1982・東京大学出版会）』

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