Cornstarch - corn starch

Japanese: コーンスターチ - こーんすたーち(英語表記)corn starch
Cornstarch - corn starch

Starch extracted from corn kernels. Corn is soaked in sulfurous acid solution, and when it becomes soft, it is coarsely ground and put into a germ separator to separate the starch, protein, and fiber mixture from the germ. The mixture is further ground and sieved to remove the fiber. The starch and protein mixture is poured onto a table or separated into starch and protein in a centrifuge. Starch suspended in water is allowed to settle and collected, then dehydrated and dried. This is cornstarch. By-products of cornstarch production include corn oil from the germ, gluten meal from the protein, corn steep liquor from concentrated corn steeping liquid, and gluten feed from the residue of corn oil and the husks of the raw corn. Corn oil is used as a high-quality salad oil, corn steep liquor as a culture medium for antibiotic production, and gluten feed and gluten meal as animal feed. Among the various types of starch, cornstarch has the highest purity, is pure white, and is odorless. Its starch particles are also extremely fine. It has a stable viscosity, and is characterized by its strong adhesive power despite its low viscosity. Because of these excellent properties, cornstarch is widely used in confectionery and cooking, including blancmange, as well as in tempura flour, instant curry roux, biscuits, cream puffs, ice cream, fish paste products such as kamaboko, fish ham and sausages, cream soup, and as a thickening agent for canned vegetables, and also in the food industry, including beer, starch syrup, and glucose. It is also useful in the textile industry, as an adhesive, and in papermaking.

[Tomomi Kono and Midori Otaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トウモロコシの穀粒からとったデンプン。トウモロコシを亜硫酸液に浸し、柔らかくなったところで粗挽(あらび)きし、胚芽(はいが)分離機にかけて、デンプン、タンパク質、繊維質の混合物と、胚芽とに分ける。混合物はさらに摩砕し、篩(ふるい)にかけて繊維質を除く。デンプンとタンパク質の混合物は、テーブル(とい)に流すか、遠心分離機でデンプンとタンパク質に分ける。デンプンは、水中に浮遊しているものを沈殿させて集め、脱水したあと乾燥する。これがコーンスターチである。コーンスターチ製造の際の副産物としては、胚芽からコーンオイル、タンパク質からグルテンミール、トウモロコシの浸漬(しんし)液を濃縮したものからコーンスティープリカー、コーンオイルを絞ったかすと原料トウモロコシの皮などからグルテンフィードが得られる。コーンオイルは良質のサラダ油として、コーンスティープリカーは抗生物質製造などの培養液として、グルテンフィード、グルテンミールは飼料に用いられる。コーンスターチは各種デンプンのなかでも純度が高く、純白、無臭である。またデンプン粒子がきわめて細かい。粘度は安定し、粘度が高くないわりに接着力は強いのが特徴である。このような優れた面をもつため、ブラン・マンジェをはじめ製菓、料理用のほか、てんぷら粉、即席カレールウ、ビスケット、シュークリーム、アイスクリーム、かまぼこなどの水産練り製品、魚肉ハムやソーセージ、クリームスープ、野菜缶詰の粘稠(ねんちゅう)剤、さらにビール、水飴(みずあめ)、ブドウ糖など、食品工業用にも広く利用されている。繊維工業、接着剤用、製紙などにも役だっている。

[河野友美・大滝 緑]

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