Mixed farming - kongou nougyo

Japanese: 混合農業 - こんごうのうぎょう
Mixed farming - kongou nougyo

A form of agricultural management in which crop cultivation and livestock raising are organically integrated. Also called mixed farming. Its main origin can be found in the three-field farming established in northwestern Europe in the Middle Ages. Modern rotation farming, which was established through transitional cereal and grass farming, is the most typical form of mixed farming. Therefore, although it may include a strong self-sufficiency character in some cases, mixed farming basically means highly commercial agriculture. In mixed farming, as typified by rotation farming, crops are rotated regularly between cereals and legumes, root vegetables, or pasture grasses within the field crops at regular intervals, and livestock are raised mainly on the feed crops in the rotation, with cereals and livestock products being the main source of cash income. There are various forms of crop rotation systems and types of livestock raised depending on the country and region, and in terms of the scale of operation, mixed farming includes a wide range of operation forms, from small family-run operations to large corporate operations. Mixed farming has the following characteristics: it is a form of agricultural production that responds to the increasing food demand of the nation, it maintains and strengthens soil fertility by combining crop rotation and livestock farming, and it utilizes labor and other production factors year-round. Today, the main mixed farming regions in the world include Western and Eastern Europe, North America, the east coast of Australia, southern Africa, and the northeastern Pampas region of Argentina. In Japan, mixed farming can be seen in the Hokkaido region, but in other regions the connection between arable farming and livestock farming is weak. The recent expansion of livestock farming has been dominated by livestock farming that relies on purchased feed, but the direction of future healthy and stable development of agriculture is expected to be the development of land-use livestock farming linked to rice field rotation, in other words, the direction of mixed farming.

[Kenji Naga]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

作物を栽培する耕種農業と家畜飼養とが有機的に統合された農業経営の一形態。混同農業ともよばれる。中世のヨーロッパ北西部で成立した三圃(さんぽ)式農業にそのおもな起源が求められる。三圃式農業から過渡的穀草式農業を経て成立した近代的輪栽式農業が混合農業のもっとも典型的な形態である。したがって、場合によっては自給的性格の強いものも含まれるが、混合農業は基本的には高度の商業的農業を意味する。輪栽式農業によって代表される混合農業では、畑作の内部で穀類とマメ科作物、根菜類または牧草が一定周期で規則的に交代する輪作が行われ、家畜は輪作中の飼料作物を主体にして飼養され、穀類と畜産物が主要現金収入源となる。輪作体系と飼養家畜の種類には国や地方によって多様な形態があり、また経営規模の点からみても、混合農業には零細家族経営から企業的大経営に至るまでの幅広い経営形態が含まれる。混合農業の特質として、国民の食糧需要の高度化に対応した農業生産形態であること、輪作と畜産の結合によって地力が維持増強されること、労働力その他の生産要素が周年的に利用されること、などの点があげられる。今日では西ヨーロッパから東ヨーロッパ、北アメリカ、オーストラリア東岸、南部アフリカ、アルゼンチンのパンパ北東部などが世界のおもな混合農業地域である。日本では、北海道地方で混合農業がみられるが、それ以外の地方では耕種農業と畜産の結び付きが弱い。最近の畜産の拡大も購入飼料依存型畜産が主体となっているが、今後の農業の健全な安定した発展の方向としては、田畑輪換と結び付いた土地利用型畜産の展開、いいかえると混合農業の方向が期待されている。

[長 憲次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Diamond Sutra - Kongo Hannya Kyo

>>:  Heat of mixing - kongounetsu

Recommend

Proof theory

...The latter is called metamathematics, and its ...

Things for sale - things for sale

A type of Kabuki dance. A group of works that depi...

Extreme hair - Kyokumo

…In these bacteria, flagella are the organs of mo...

Finlay, AC (English spelling) FinlayAC

...It has antibacterial properties against a wide...

réalisme poétique (English)

...He was from a film family: actor Pierre R. (18...

Ānandabājār Patrikā (English spelling)

A Bengali daily newspaper published in Calcutta. I...

Octavia

[Born] 69 [Died] 11 B.C. Sister of the Roman Emper...

Worth, Charles Frederick

Born: 1825. Lincolnshire [Died] March 10, 1895. Fo...

Takahiro Hojo

?-? A military commander from the Sengoku to Oda-...

Imaret - Imaret

...In many cases, they were built as imarets (or ...

Mazu (English spelling) Mǎ zǔ

709‐788 A monk from the Tang Dynasty in China. His...

Andreaea nivalis (English)

… [Kitagawa Takashi]. … *Some of the terminology ...

Public authority

In public law relationships, it refers to the leg...

Seaguar

American singer-songwriter. Born in New York City....

San-sagari

The name of the shamisen tuning. The 3rd string of...