Córdoba (English spelling)

Japanese: コルドバ（英語表記）Córdoba

The capital of the province of Cordoba in north-central Argentina. It is the second largest city in Argentina after the capital Buenos Aires, located about 600 km northwest of the capital, at the eastern foot of the Cordoba Mountains, facing the Primero River. It was built by the Spanish in 1573 and became the center of missionary activities of the Jesuits. In the 17th century, it prospered as a key transportation route connecting Buenos Aires on the Atlantic coast with Chile and Lima on the Pacific coast. A dam was built on the Primero River in 1866, and a railway was opened from Rosario in 1869, after which commerce and industry developed rapidly. The dam was later improved and became one of the largest in South America, and in addition to supplying water and electricity to the city, it is also used for irrigation, watering the orchards and grain fields in the surrounding area. This electricity has led to the establishment of various industries in the city, including the automobile industry, leather, textiles, glass, and food processing, making it one of the leading industrial cities in the country. With the development of industry, the labor movement also became active. A strike against the military government that began in the city in May 1969 soon spread throughout Argentina, developing into a general strike and becoming a movement called Cordobazo. It is a beautiful city with many colonial-era buildings preserved, and is a popular tourist destination, serving as a base for sightseeing in the mountains behind Cordoba. It is also a cultural city with a long history, with many educational and cultural facilities, including the oldest university in the country (1613), higher education institutions, museums, and theaters. In 2000, the Jesuit district and surrounding residences in the city, which still retain the vestiges of the time of the Jesuit missionary work, were registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites. It is a transportation center in the central and northern part of Argentina, with railways and roads radiating out from the city. There is an international airport in the vicinity. Population: 1,179,067 (estimated 1991).

Cordoba
Córdoba

It is the capital of the province of Córdoba, in the central part of the Andalusia Autonomous Region in southern Spain. It is located at the southern foot of the Morena Mountains, on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River. During the Moorish (Berber) period, it was famous for silversmithing, silk embroidery, and the production of the luxury leather cordovan (from which Córdoba takes its name), but today it is a thriving wine and textile industry. The city probably originated as a Carthaginian colony, and was subsequently ruled by the Romans and the Visigoths (→Goths). It was occupied by the Moors in 711, and became the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate in 756, reaching its height of prosperity in the mid-10th century. In 1236, Ferdinand III of Castile recaptured the city from the Muslims and returned it to Christian hands, but the arts and industry thereafter declined (→Reconquista). The Great Mosque of Cordoba (Mezquita), the symbol of the city, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1984, and in 1994 the scope of the registration was expanded to include the historical buildings and streetscape surrounding the Great Mosque. Medina Azahara (Zahra Palace), an urban ruin in the western suburbs of Cordoba, was used as a summer palace for the caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty, and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2018. Population: 297,506 (estimated 2006).

Cordoba
Córdoba

A city in the central state of Veracruz, central Mexico. It is located about 250 km southeast of Mexico City, on the eastern slope at the southeastern end of the Mexican Plateau, at an elevation of about 920 m. To the west it overlooks Mexico's highest peak, Citlaltepetl Volcano (5,700 m). It was built in 1618 and is known as the place where the treaty (Treaty of Córdoba) that determined Mexico's independence from Spain was signed on August 24, 1821. It is currently the center of the surrounding agricultural region, and coffee, sugar cane, tobacco, bananas, etc. are distributed and processed. A major road and railway run between Mexico City and Veracruz. Population: 150,428 (1990 estimate).

Cordoba
Córdoba, José Maria

[Born] 1799
[Died] 1829
A Colombian independence hero and soldier. He distinguished himself in the Battles of Boyaca (1819) and Ayacucho (24), but was killed in the civil war that followed after independence.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アルゼンチン中北部，コルドバ州の州都。首都ブエノスアイレスに次ぐアルゼンチン第2の大都市で，首都の北西約 600km，コルドバ山脈東麓にあり，プリメロ川に臨む。 1573年スペイン人によって建設され，イエズス会の布教活動の中心地となった。 17世紀には大西洋岸のブエノスアイレスと太平洋岸のチリ，リマを結ぶ交通路の要地として繁栄。 1866年プリメロ川にダムが建設され，1869年ロサリオからの鉄道が通じてから商工業が急速に発展。ダムはその後改良され，南アメリカで最大級のダムとなり，市に水と電力を供給するほか，灌漑にも利用され，周辺一帯の果樹園や穀物畑を潤す。この電力をもとに市内には自動車工業を中心に，皮革，繊維，ガラス，食品加工などの各種工業が立地し，市は国内有数の工業都市となっている。工業発展に伴って労働運動も盛んとなり，1969年5月市内で始まった軍事政権に反対するストライキはやがてアルゼンチン全土に広がり，ゼネストに発展，コルドバソ cordobazoと呼ばれる運動になった。植民地時代の建築物が多数保存されている美しい町で，観光客が多く，背後のコルドバ山中の保養地への観光基地としてもにぎわう。古くからの文化都市でもあり，国内最古のコルドバ大学 (1613) をはじめとする高等教育機関，博物館，劇場など，教育・文化施設が多い。 2000年イエズス会布教時の名残りをとどめる，市内のイエズス会地区と周辺の住居が世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。アルゼンチン中北部の交通中心地で，市から放射状に鉄道，道路が延びる。近郊には国際空港がある。人口 117万 9067 (1991推計) 。

コルドバ
Córdoba

スペイン南部，アンダルシア自治州中部にあるコルドバ県の県都。モレナ山脈の南麓，グアダルキビル川右岸に位置する。ムーア人（ベルベル人）支配の時代には銀細工，絹の刺繍や高級皮革コードバン（コルドバの名に由来）の製造で有名であったが，今日酒造と織物工業が盛ん。町の起源はおそらくカルタゴの植民地で，以来ローマ，西ゴート（→ゴート人）と支配者が交代した。711年にムーア人に占領され，756年に後ウマイヤ朝の首都となり，10世紀中頃に最盛期を迎えた。1236年にカスティリア王国のフェルナンド3世がこの町をイスラム教徒から奪回しキリスト教徒の手に戻したが，芸術や産業は以後衰退した（→国土回復運動）。都市を象徴するコルドバの大モスク（メスキータ）は 1984年に世界遺産の文化遺産に登録され，1994年には大モスクを取り囲む歴史的建造物や街並みにも登録範囲が拡大された。コルドバ西郊にある都市遺跡メディナ・アサーラ（ザフラー宮殿）は後ウマイヤ朝のカリフの離宮として使用されたもので，2018年に世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。人口 29万7506（2006推計）。

コルドバ
Córdoba

メキシコ中部，ベラクルス州中部の都市。メキシコ市の東南東約 250km，メキシコ高原南東端部東斜面にあり，標高約 920m。西方にメキシコの最高峰シトラルテペトル火山 (5700m) をのぞむ。 1618年建設。 1821年8月 24日，メキシコのスペインからの独立を定めた条約 (コルドバ条約) が調印された地として知られる。現在周辺の農業地帯の中心地で，コーヒー，サトウキビ，タバコ，バナナなどを集散，加工する。メキシコ市とベラクルスを結ぶ幹線道路，鉄道が通る。人口 15万 428 (1990推計) 。