…Their era was, so to speak, the preparatory period for the development of French classical drama. Meanwhile, a movement to create a new theory of drama based on Aristotle's Poetics began in Italy, and the writings of Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484-1558) and Rudovico Castelvetro (1505-71) were introduced to France, where they were compiled into a single theoretical system by Jean de la Taille (1540?-1617?), Jean Mairet (1604-86), J. Chapland, and Abbot d'Aubignac. These were: (1) A clear distinction between tragedy and comedy. … From [French Theatre]...The Italian comedy troupes continued to be an important element of Parisian theater under the patronage of the king, and in the 1940s, Italian opera was introduced through the efforts of the Prime Minister, Cardinal Mazarin, and the musical spectacles of G. Torelli and Bigarani played a decisive role in the establishment of opera and ballet in France. However, what truly made French theater French was the experience of establishing the so-called "classical dramatism" during the 40 years from Corneille's "Le Cid" premiered in 1637 to Racine's "Phèdre" premiered in 1677. (The first "regular tragedies" based on ancient authors were Lotrou's "The Dying Hercule" and Jean Mairet's (1604-86) "Sophonisbes," both of which were written in 1634, and Corneille achieved this with "Cinna" and "Horace.") The three great hits of the 17th century, the aforementioned Le Cid, Molière's The School for Wives, and Racine's Andromaque, were simultaneously the scene of three great controversies, ranging from the debate over rules that began with the intervention of the Académie Française in the case of the Le Cid controversy, to the performance of critical plays by rival theatre companies in the case of the latter two, all of which were vivid on-the-scene incidents. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Mairet, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…彼らの時代はいわばフランス古典劇の準備時代であった。一方,アリストテレスの《詩学(創作論)》から新しい演劇理論を生み出そうとする動きがイタリアで起こり,スカリゲルJulius Caesar Scaliger(1484‐1558),カステルベトロRudovico Castelvetro(1505‐71)らの著述がフランスに紹介され,ラ・タイユJean de la Taille(1540?‐1617?),メレJean Mairet(1604‐86),J.シャプラン,ドービニャック師らにより一つの理論体系にまとめあげられていった。それは,(1)悲劇と喜劇の明確な区分。… 【フランス演劇】より…イタリア喜劇団は国王の庇護の下にパリの芝居の重要な要素であり続けるし,40年代には,宰相・枢機卿マザランの努力でイタリア・オペラが導入され,G.トレリ,ビガラーニの〈機械仕掛け〉による音楽入り大スペクタクルは,フランスにおけるオペラとバレエの成立に決定的な役割を果たす。しかし,真にフランス演劇をフランス演劇たらしめたのは,1637年初演のコルネイユ作《ル・シッド》から77年初演のラシーヌ作《フェードル》に至る40年間の,いわゆる〈古典主義劇作術〉確立の体験である(なお,古代作家を規範とした〈規則にかなった悲劇〉の最初のものは,ロトルーの《死にゆくエルキュール》とメレJean Mairet(1604‐86)の《ソフォニスブ》で,ともに1634年の作であり,コルネイユは《シンナ》《オラース》でそれを果たす)。上記《ル・シッド》,モリエールの《女房学校》,ラシーヌ《アンドロマック》という17世紀の三大ヒットは,同時に三つの大論争の場であり,《ル・シッド》論争のごとくアカデミー・フランセーズの介入で始まった規則議論から,後2者についてのようにライバル劇団による批判劇上演までを含めて,それらはなまなましい現場的事件であった。… ※「Mairet,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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