A small farmer in a medieval European village or manor who owned his own house and a small plot of land attached to it. In English, it is called a cotter or cottager, and in German, a Gärtner. As the medieval historian EA Kosminski clarified about England in the 13th and 14th centuries, even at the height of feudalism, the manor system was not uniform throughout the country, and the land ownership situation of the feudal peasants, who were the direct producers, was by no means uniform. This is true not only in England but in any other European country. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ヨーロッパの中世農村または荘園における零細農で,自分の家とそれに付属する小土地を持つ。英語でcotter,cottager,ドイツ語でGärtnerともいう。中世史家E.A.コスミンスキーが13,14世紀のイギリスについて明らかにしたように,封建制の最盛期においても,荘園制は国のすみずみまで一様に成立しなかったし,直接生産者たる封建農民の土地保有状況もけっして一様ではなかった。イギリスに限らずヨーロッパのどの国でも,その点はほぼ同様である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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