A spring-sown annual plant of the Asteraceae family (APG classification: Asteraceae). Also known as Akizakura (autumn cherry) or Ooharusagiku (large spring car chrysanthemum). Native to Mexico. The plant grows to a height of about 2 meters, with opposite leaves and finely divided pinnate leaves. The flowers are borne at the top of the stem and come in pink, red, white, etc., 6 to 8 cm in diameter, and come in single, clove-shaped, and double flowers with well-developed tubular flowers in the center. Originally a short-day plant that blooms in autumn, it has been improved in recent years, and early-flowering varieties that bloom about 70 days after sowing regardless of day length have been created, with Sensation, Radiance, and Versailles being representative varieties. It can be easily grown anywhere with good sunlight and drainage. Seeds are sown in early to mid-May, when the temperature has stabilized. The seedbed should be leveled, and 3 to 5 seeds should be sown 30 cm apart, with a light covering of soil. If the seeds are sown between late August and early September, the short days will result in shorter plants. In this case, it is best to sow the seeds somewhat thickly. Care should be taken as the seedlings are susceptible to damage from cutworms when they first sprout. Another commonly cultivated member of the Cosmos genus is the yellow cosmos , C. sulphureus Cav. It is a spring-sown annual plant that is shorter than cosmos, has wider leaves, and is semi-double-flowered in colors such as yellow, orange, and red. There is also a very dwarf species that is about 50 centimeters tall. In recent years, breeding has progressed especially in Japan, and biannual varieties have been created that germinate and bloom from scattered seeds in the fall. [Katsumi Kaneko February 18, 2022] propagationThe genus cosmos has around 30 species distributed over a wide area stretching from Arizona in the US to Bolivia in South America, but the flowering cosmos originated in Mexico. In 1789, Vicente Cervantes, a member of a botanical survey team dispatched from Spain, sent seeds of an unknown species of Asteraceae to Father Jose Cabanes in Madrid. The priest cultivated them and gave them the name cosmos. They were introduced to Japan at the end of the Edo period, but did not become widespread until 1909 (Meiji 42), when the Ministry of Education distributed cultivation instructions to elementary schools across the country. [Hiroshi Yuasa February 18, 2022] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
キク科(APG分類:キク科)の春播(ま)き一年草。アキザクラ(秋桜)、オオハルシャギク(大春車菊)ともいう。メキシコ原産。草丈は2メートルほどになり、葉は対生し、細く裂けた羽状葉をつける。花は茎頂につき、桃、赤、白色などがあり、径6~8センチメートルで、一重のほか中心部の管状花が発達した丁字(ちょうじ)咲きや八重咲きがある。元来は短日植物で秋に開花する花であるが、最近は改良が進み、日長に関係なく播種(はしゅ)後70日ほどで開花する早咲き品種がつくられ、センセーション、ラジアンス、ベルサイユなどが代表品種である。 日当りと排水のよい所ならどこでも簡単につくれる。播種は5月上・中旬、気温が安定したころ、播床を均一にならし、30センチメートル間隔に3~5粒播きとし、軽く覆土する。また8月下旬から9月上旬ころに播種すると短日により草丈が短く育つ。この場合、やや厚播きにするとよい。発芽幼苗期にネキリムシの被害が出やすいので注意を要する。 コスモス属ではこのほかにキバナコスモスC. sulphureus Cav.がよく栽培される。春播き一年草で、コスモスに比べ草丈は短く、葉幅は広く、色は黄、橙(だいだい)、赤などで、半八重咲きである。草丈50センチメートルほどの極矮性(ごくわいせい)種もある。近年とくに日本で品種改良が進み、秋にこぼれ種で発芽、開花する年2回咲きの品種もつくられている。 [金子勝巳 2022年2月18日] 伝播コスモス属は、アメリカのアリゾナから南米ボリビアに至る広い地域に約30種が分布するが、花卉(かき)としてのコスモスはメキシコに起源する。1789年、スペインから派遣された植物調査隊のビセンテ・セルバンテスは、マドリードのホセ・カバニエス神父に未知のキク科の種子を送った。神父はそれを栽培し、コスモスの名を与えた。日本には幕末に渡来したが、本格的に広がったのは1909年(明治42)、文部省が全国の小学校に栽培法を付して配布してからである。 [湯浅浩史 2022年2月18日] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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