Neap tide - Koshio

Japanese: 小潮 - こしお

During a first or last quarter, the directions of the moon and the sun are at right angles to each other as seen from the earth, so the tidal forces of the moon and the sun cancel each other out, making the tidal range smaller. The tides at this time are called neap tides. The tidal range varies slightly depending on the distance between the earth and the moon at the time, but the long-term average value of the tidal range during neap tides is almost constant depending on the location, and is called neap tide. (Nagata)

Source: Japan Hydrographic Association, Ocean Information Research Center, Encyclopedia of the Sea

Japanese:

上弦あるいは下弦の時、地球から見て月と太陽の方向がたがいに直角となるから、月と太陽の起潮力が打ち消しあって潮差が小さくなる。このときの潮汐を小潮という。潮差はその時の地球と月との距離によって若干変化するが、小潮時の潮差の長年の平均値は場所によってほぼ一定であり、それを小潮差（しょうちょうさ）と呼ぶ。（永田）

出典　(財)日本水路協会海洋情報研究センター海の事典について　情報

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