Kanmon system

...Even in the samurai territories, the Tokuso territories and the Hojo territories were already given to the tributes, and the tributes' deputies were given the actual duties at the local government offices, but this system was passed on from the Ashikaga territories to the Muromachi Shogunate and the Kamakura Shogunate's Goryosho, which were left in the care of their hokoshu. From the latter half of the 13th century, with the further development of the distribution economy, the practice of converting annual tributes into coins at local markets and converting official duties and labor into coins spread, and they were sent to the manor's ruler in a lump sum without distinction between annual tributes, official duties, and labor, and it was also common for the deputies to take on manors for a fixed amount of coins. In the Muromachi period, the seeds of the kanmon system, in which manors and public territories were measured in units of kanmon, such as "land with a tribute of how many kanmon." Under these circumstances, even in the late Kamakura period, mountain monks and rented monks were appointed as deputies and were required to pay taxes in advance (rai-no), but during the Nanboku-cho period, land merchants, mountain ascetics, wealthy samurai and monks all acted as contracted deputies.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "kanbun system" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…武家領でもすでに得宗（とくそう）領，北条氏所領は給主に与えられ，給主代が現地の政所で実務を行う体制がみられたが，それは足利氏所領から室町幕府，鎌倉公方の御料所にうけつがれ，御料所はその奉公衆に預け置かれたのである。　13世紀後半以降，流通経済の一層の発展とともに，年貢物を現地の市で銭にかえ，公事･夫役を銭に換算する代銭納がひろがり，年貢･公事･夫役の区別なく一括して荘園支配者に送進し，また代官が一定額の銭で荘を請け負うこともさかんに行われ，室町期には荘園･公領の単位を〈土貢何貫文の地〉のように貫文でとらえる貫文制の萌芽もみられた。こうした状況の中で，鎌倉後期にも山僧･借上を代官として年貢銭を前納させること(来納)が行われたが，南北朝期にかけて，土倉，商人，山伏，富裕な武士や僧侶などが請負代官として活動している。…

※「貫文制」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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