Taking; eminent domain

Japanese: 公用収用 - こうようしゅうよう（英語表記）taking; eminent domain

Compulsory acquisition of specific property rights of private individuals with fair compensation for use in a specific business that benefits the public. Also called public expropriation. (1) Land expropriation The most important type of public expropriation, it is the expropriation of specific land ownership rights of private individuals with full compensation for use in a specific public utility. In addition to the general Land Expropriation Act, there are many other laws such as the City Planning Act. (2) Expansion Public expropriation Public expropriation that goes beyond the scope necessary for a public utility business that has been approved as a business or beyond the extent necessary for the business. The Land Expropriation Act provides for the expropriation of remaining land, total expropriation (Article 76, Article 101, Paragraph 1, proviso), complete expropriation (Article 81, Article 101, Paragraph 1, proviso), expropriation of property when relocation is difficult (Article 78), and expropriation when the relocation fee is large (Article 79). (3) Land expropriation: In addition to land directly necessary for the project, land in the surrounding area is expropriated. After the project is completed, the expropriated land is sold or rented out to cover part of the costs. This was stipulated in Article 16 of the old City Planning Law and Article 10 of the old Deteriorating Housing Area Improvement Law, but is not stipulated in the current law. (→ Public Expenses)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

公共の利益となる特定の事業の用に供するために，正当な補償のもとに私人の特定の財産権を強制的に取得すること。公用徴収ともいう。 (1) 土地収用　公用収用のうちで最も重要なもので，特定の公益事業の用に供するために，完全な補償のもとに，私人の特定の土地所有権を収用すること。根拠法として，一般法である土地収用法のほかに，都市計画法その他多くの法律がある。 (2) 拡張収用　事業認定を受けた公益事業のために必要な範囲をこえまたは事業のために必要な程度をこえて行われる公用収用。土地収用法には，拡張収用として残地収用，全部収用 (76条，なお 101条1項但書) ，完全収用 (81条，なお 101条1項但書) ，移転困難な場合の物件収用 (78条) ，移転料多額の場合の物件収用 (79条) などの定めがある。 (3) 地帯収用　土地収用の対象事業に直接必要な土地のほか，付近一帯の土地を収用すること。収用された土地は，事業完了後は売却または貸付けて，費用の一部にあてる。旧都市計画法 16条，旧不良住宅地区改良法 10条に定められていたが，現行法には定められていない。 (→公用負担 ) 　

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