Equality Movement

The Hyongpyong Movement was a liberation movement for the discriminated Korean people, the Baekjeong (officially numbering more than 400,000). It began in 1923 in Jinju (South Gyeongsang Province). From its inception, Hyongpyongsa expanded its organization to various regions while fighting the anti-Hyongpyong movement by farmers. As the movement progressed, it temporarily split up internally due to a struggle for leadership, but in 1925 it achieved unification. After the attack on the Yecheon branch in August of the same year, Hyongpyongsa deepened its ties with other social organizations and gradually began to lean leftward. From around 1928, radical and moderate factions became antagonistic within the organization over this line, and from 1931 to 1933, a fierce battle continued over the issue of dissolving Hyongpyongsa. Hyongpyongsa was renamed Daedongsa the following year in 1934, and a plan was made to prolong the life of the movement, but it later changed into a compromising and reconciliatory organization under harsh oppression.

[Ikegawa Hidekatsu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

朝鮮の被差別民である「白丁(はくてい)」（公称40余万人）の解放運動。衡平運動は1923年に晋州(しんしゅう)（慶尚南道）で開始された。衡平社は創立当初から、農民らの反衡平運動と闘いながら各地に組織を伸ばした。運動の進展とともに一時主導権争いで内部分裂したが、25年に統一を達成した。さらに同年8月の醴泉(れいせん)分社襲撃事件を契機に、衡平社は他の社会団体との提携を深め、しだいに左傾し始めた。この路線をめぐって、28年ごろから内部で急進、穏健両派が反目し、とりわけ31年から33年にかけては衡平社解消問題で熾烈(しれつ)な争いを続けた。衡平社は翌34年に大同社と改称し、運動の延命策を画したが、その後過酷な弾圧の下で、妥協的な融和主義団体へと変質していった。

［池川英勝］

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