A general term for crustaceans classified under the order Stomatopoda of the class Malacostraca. Commonly known as the mantis shrimp (→ Mantis shrimp). Its most distinctive feature is that the second thoracic leg is a prehensile like a praying mantis's claws. There are two types of mantis shrimp: the mantis shrimp type, which has a row of sharp spines on its prehensile leg (which pinches prey) and the mantis shrimp type, which has no spines but has a round bulge at the base (which strikes prey). The carapace is small and only covers the first four thoracic segments. The exposed thoracic segments 5 to 8 are called free thoracic segments and at first glance look like the abdomen. The thoracic segments 6 to 8 each have a pair of bifurcated thoracic legs. They are all marine species, found from the coast to the deep sea, with about 2,000 known species in 17 families. Many species are edible. (→ Arthropods, Malacostraca) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
軟甲綱口脚目 Stomatopodaとしてまとめられる甲殻類の総称。通称シャコ類(→シャコ)。最も著しい特徴は,第2胸脚がカマキリの鋏のような捕脚となっていることである。捕脚に鋭いとげが並んでいるシャコ型(獲物を挟んで捕える)と,とげがない代わりに基部に丸いふくらみがあるフトユビシャコ型(獲物を打って捕える)がある。甲は小さく,胸部の第4節までしか覆っていない。露出した第5~8胸節は自由胸節と呼ばれ,一見腹部のようにみえる。第6~8胸節には二叉した胸脚が 1対ずつある。海産種のみで,磯から深海まで分布し,17科約 2000種が知られている。食用とされる種も多い。(→節足動物,軟甲類)
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