Yellow Peril Theory - Koukaron (English spelling) yellow peril

Japanese: 黄禍論 - こうかろん(英語表記)yellow peril
Yellow Peril Theory - Koukaron (English spelling) yellow peril
The idea of ​​vigilance against the yellow race was advocated in Europe from around the spring of 1895, toward the end of the First Sino-Japanese War. At the end of the 19th century, German geographer F. Richthofen, referring to the threat of Asian migration and labor, pointed out that the overwhelmingly large yellow population would become a threat in the future. Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War intensified fear and vigilance against the yellow race among white Europeans. German Emperor Wilhelm II stated that the rise of the yellow race was a major issue that affected the fate of Christian and European civilization, as seen in the European expeditions of the Ottoman Empire and Mongolia, and that the great powers of Europe should unite to oppose this "yellow peril." He argued that Russia in particular should play the vanguard role in preventing the "yellow peril" geographically, and that Germany would support Russia to suppress the yellow race. Behind this argument was a political intention to reduce the threat from Russia in Europe and the Near East by directing Russia toward a policy of expansion into the Far East, thereby making it easier for Germany to expand into the Ottoman Empire. The first concrete expression of this idea was the Triple Intervention against Japan. The Yellow Peril theory was also advocated when Japan occupied the German leased territory of Jiaozhou Bay in 1914 during World War I, and discussions of the Yellow Peril theory were also frequently held during the anti-Japanese movement in the United States from the end of the Russo-Japanese War through the 1920s.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
日清戦争末期の 1895年春頃からヨーロッパで唱えられた黄色人種警戒論。 19世紀末にドイツの地理学者 F.リヒトホーフェンは,アジア民族の移住と労働力の脅威にふれ,黄色人種の人口が圧倒的に多いことが将来の脅威となるであろうと指摘した。日清戦争における日本の勝利は,ヨーロッパの白人の間に黄色人種に対する恐怖と警戒の念を強めた。ドイツ皇帝ウィルヘルム2世は,かつてのオスマン帝国やモンゴルのヨーロッパ遠征にみられるように,黄色人種の興隆はキリスト教文明ないしヨーロッパ文明の運命にかかわる大問題であるから,この「黄禍」に対して,ヨーロッパ列強は一致して対抗すべきであると述べ,特にロシアは地理的に「黄禍」を阻止する前衛の役割を果すべきであるから,ドイツはそのためにロシアを支援して黄色人種を抑圧すると主張した。この主張の背後には,ロシアを極東進出政策に向けることによって,ヨーロッパ,近東におけるロシアからの脅威を減殺してドイツのオスマン帝国進出政策を容易にしようとする政治的意図が存在した。この構想の最初の具体的表現が,三国干渉の対日行動であった。その後も,第1次世界大戦中の 1914年に日本がドイツの膠州湾租借地を占領した際にも黄禍論が唱えられ,また日露戦争後から 1920年代にかけてのアメリカの排日運動の際にも,黄禍論的な議論がしばしば行われた。

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