Trade goods - Koekizomotsu

Japanese: 交易雑物 - こうえきぞうもつ

Various goods purchased by each province in ancient Japan and offered as tribute to the Imperial Court. The Ritsuryo Code stipulated the Doge trade system (purchasing local products and offering them as tribute), which is thought to be descended from the Kuni no Miyatsuko koyubutsu, and the Choshu Shi koyubutsu system (trading rare luxury goods from the province when the provincial governors who were appointed to the provinces went to Kyoto and offered them as tribute), but in the middle of the Nara period, the two merged to form the trade miscellaneous goods system, in which each province purchased miscellaneous goods with a regular tax and offered them as tribute. This system of trade miscellaneous goods expanded rapidly from the late 8th century to the early 9th century, and the Engishiki stipulated in detail the items and quantities of trade miscellaneous goods that each province should offer as tribute, with the total amount equivalent to roughly one-fourth or one-fifth of the total amount of Cho.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

日本古代に諸国が購入して朝廷へ貢上した種々の物資。律令には，国造貢献物の系譜をひくと推定される土毛交易(その土地の産物を購入して貢上する)制度と，朝集使貢献物(地方に赴任した国司が上京する際に，その国のめずらしい高級品を交易して貢上する)制度とが規定されていたが，奈良時代の中ごろには両者は融合して，諸国が正税（しようぜい）で雑物を購入して貢上する交易雑物の制度となる。この交易雑物の制は8世紀後半から9世紀前半にかけて急速に拡大し，《延喜式》には国ごとに貢上すべき交易雑物の品目と数量が詳細に規定され，その総量は調の総量のほぼ4分の1ないし5分の1に相当した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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