The Humble Society

Japanese: 謙遜者団 - けんそんしゃだん

A group called the Humiliati, which was formed in northern Italy in the mid-12th century, with the aim of practicing penance and apostolic life. They followed the Benedictine Rules, but did not refuse marriage. They aimed to support themselves through their own work, mainly through wool weaving, because they were opposed to commercial activities such as usury. They were condemned as heretics in a bull by Pope Lucius III in 1184, and played a prominent role in the debate against the Cathar heresy in the early 13th century, but declined in the late Middle Ages.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

12世紀中期に北イタリアで結成された，贖罪と使徒的生活の実践を目的とした集団で，フミリアティHumiliatiと呼ばれたもの。生活は〈ベネディクトゥス会則〉に準拠したが，結婚は拒否せず，高利貸など商業活動への反感からみずからの労働で自活することを旨とし，主として毛織物業で生計を立てた。1184年の教皇ルキウス3世の教書では異端として断罪され，13世紀初頭カタリ派異端との論戦で顕著な役割を演じたが，中世末期には衰えた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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