Confinement - Confinement

Japanese: 検束 - けんそく
Confinement - Confinement

A type of immediate coercion stipulated in the old Administrative Execution Law (Law No. 84, 1900). It refers to a police officer temporarily restraining a person's physical freedom and taking them to a certain place such as a police station to detain them. Detention could be imposed until sunset the next day. Protective detention was permitted when necessary for drunk people, people attempting suicide, and others deemed to require assistance, and preventive detention was permitted when necessary to prevent those who may be committing acts of violence, fighting, or otherwise endangering public safety (Article 1 of the same law). However, although preventive detention was limited to a period until sunset the next day, it was renewed and people were detained for long periods, which caused problems such as being abused to suppress ideological and labor movements. For this reason, the Administrative Execution Law was abolished on June 14, 1948 (Law No. 43, 1948).

The current Police Duties Execution Law (Law No. 136 of 1948) defines only what is equivalent to protective custody in terms of the concept of "protection," and allows it under strict conditions and restrictions, and limits the time of protection to within 24 hours in principle, and even if there is a letter of authorization from a summary court judge, it is limited to within five days (Article 3, Paragraphs 3 and 4 of the same law). Preventive custody is, of course, not permitted.

[Ichiro Uchida and Morikazu Taguchi]

[Reference item] | Police Duties Execution Law | Immediate enforcement

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

旧行政執行法(明治33年法律第84号)に規定されていた即時強制の一種。警察官が一時的に人の身体の自由を拘束して警察署など一定の場所に連行して留置することをいう。翌日の日没に至らない限度で検束を加えることができた。泥酔者、自殺を企てる者、その他救護を要すると認める者に対し必要な場合に行う保護検束と、暴行、闘争その他公安を害する虞(おそれ)のある者に対しこれを予防するため必要な場合に行う予防検束が認められていた(同法1条)。しかし、とりわけ予防検束について、一応、翌日の日没までとする期間限定が設けられていたものの、これを更新することで長期間の身柄拘束がなされ、思想運動や労働運動の弾圧に乱用される弊害を生じた。そのため行政執行法は1948年(昭和23)6月14日に廃止された(昭和23年法律第43号)。

 現行の警察官職務執行法(昭和23年法律第136号)では、「保護」という観念で保護検束にあたるものだけを規定し、厳重な要件と制限のもとにこれを認め、保護の時間も原則として24時間以内とされ、簡易裁判所の裁判官の許可状がある場合でも通じて5日以内に限られている(同法3条3項・4項)。予防検束は、むろん認められていない。

[内田一郎・田口守一]

[参照項目] | 警察官職務執行法 | 即時強制

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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