Aranda - Aranda (English spelling)

Japanese: アランダ - あらんだ(英語表記)Aranda
Aranda - Aranda (English spelling)

An ethnic group of Australian Aboriginals. Also called the Arunta. They inhabit a fairly wide area that is semi-arid but well-watered, stretching from the foot of the southeastern MacDonnell Ranges in the central part of the continent to the Finke River. As is typical of Aboriginal Australians, they were nomadic hunter-gatherers, but now live a settled life around regional cities. They are divided into five subtribes, each of which uses a different dialect. These subtribes are further divided into sections with their own totems, and have a tetrad or octet marriage system. The marriage system and totemism of the Aranda people have attracted the attention of anthropologists since the end of the 19th century, and have been the subject of repeated discussion. Their tools are relatively richly decorated, and the churinga, a sacred totem symbol consisting of an oval slab or stone with carvings and colors, has also become famous through discussion by anthropologists. The population, which had been on the decline, has been recovering since around 1960.

[Yamamoto Matori]

[References] | Australian Aboriginals | Totemism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

オーストラリア先住民の一民族集団。アルンタAruntaともいう。大陸中央部のマクドネル山脈南東の山裾(やますそ)からフィンク川に沿った、半乾燥だが水に恵まれたかなり広い地域に居住。オーストラリア先住民の常として、採集狩猟民としての移動生活を行っていたが、現在は地方都市の周辺で定住生活を営む。全体は五つの亜部族に分かれ、おのおのは異なる方言を用いる。これらの亜部族は、さらに内部でそれぞれのトーテムをもつセクションに分かれ、四分制ないしは八分制の婚姻システムを有する。アランダの人々の婚姻システムおよびトーテミズムは、19世紀の終わりごろより人類学者の注目を浴び、繰り返し議論の対象となってきた。彼らの道具類には比較的豊かな装飾が施されており、なかでも楕円(だえん)形の板ないし石板に刻紋や彩色を施した、トーテム・シンボルとしての聖物であるチュリンガは、同様に人類学者の議論により有名となっている。減少傾向にあった人口も1960年ごろから回復しつつある。

[山本真鳥]

[参照項目] | オーストラリア先住民 | トーテミズム

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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