A system for setting aside funds necessary to repay the principal of corporate bonds and government bonds, or the accumulated funds. Since a large amount of capital is required to repay corporate bonds, such preparations are necessary, but they ensure the safety of principal repayment and increase the marketability of corporate bonds. There are two types of sinking funds: those set up voluntarily by the company and those set up by the company as a contractual obligation with the bondholders. Corporate bonds set up using the latter method are specifically called bonds with a sinking fund. Sinking funds increase each fiscal year through savings and investment earnings, and decrease when bonds are redeemed. The fund is invested in safe stocks and corporate bonds of other companies, and the dividends and interest earned are added to the fund. [Mitsuo Morimoto] In the case of national bonds, this is done through the National Bond Consolidation Fund. Japan's debt reduction system began in 1906 (Meiji 39) with the enactment of the National Bond Consolidation Fund Special Account Law, which aimed to settle war bonds after the Russo-Japanese War. After World War II, full-scale national bonds began to be issued from fiscal year 1965 (Showa 40), and the current debt reduction system was launched in fiscal year 1967 with the Law to Partially Amend the National Bond Consolidation Fund Special Account Law. There are three sources of funds for redemption of the National Bond Consolidation Fund: (1) fixed-rate transfers, which transfer a fixed percentage of the national bond balance; (2) surplus transfers, which transfer a portion of the general account surplus; and (3) budget transfers, which transfer the amount necessary for redemption set in the budget (however, fixed-rate transfers have not been used since fiscal year 1982 due to worsening financial conditions). The functions of such a sinking fund are: (1) to secure funds for future redemptions, (2) to put a stop to excessive issuance of government bonds, (3) to smooth out fiscal burdens and facilitate fiscal management, and (4) to maintain bond prices by early redemption or purchase and write-off remaining government bonds as necessary. [Tsuguo Fujino] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
社債や国債などの元金の償還に必要な資金を積み立てる制度、またはその積み立てた資金のこと。社債の償還には多額のまとまった資金を必要とするので、このような準備が必要になるが、これにより、元金償還の安全を確保し、社債の市場性を高めることができる。減債基金には、企業が任意に設定するものと、社債権者との契約義務により企業が設定するものとがある。後者による社債を、とくに減債基金付社債という。減債基金は、毎期の積立てとその運用収益によって増額し、社債償還によって減額する。基金の運用は、安全な他社の株式や社債への投資にあてられ、その配当・利子は基金に組み入れられる。 [森本三男] 国債の場合には国債整理基金を通じて行われている。わが国の減債制度は、日露戦争後の戦債処理を目的とした1906年(明治39)の「国債整理基金特別会計法」の制定に始まる。第二次世界大戦後は1965年度(昭和40)以降本格的に国債発行が行われるようになり、67年度から「国債整理基金特別会計法の一部を改正する法律」によって現行の減債制度の仕組みが発足した。国債整理基金の償還財源としては、(1)国債残高の一定割合を繰り入れる定率繰入れ、(2)一般会計の剰余金の一部を繰り入れる剰余金繰入れ、(3)予算をもって償還に必要な金額を定めて繰り入れる予算繰入れ、の三つがある(ただし、1982年度以降は財政事情悪化のため定率繰入れは行われていない)。このような減債基金の機能としては、(1)将来の償還資金を確保すること、(2)放漫な国債発行に歯止めをかけること、(3)財政負担の平準化と財政運営の円滑化を図ること、(4)随時に残存国債を繰上げ償還または買入れ償却することにより国債価格を維持すること、などがあげられる。 [藤野次雄] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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