A science that scientifically elucidates the authenticity of genealogy (→ genealogy). As with ancient documents, academic research into genealogy only began in modern times. From the 16th century onwards, traditional traditions were subjected to rigorous criticism and analysis, and genealogies of royalty and nobility were compiled. At the end of the 18th century, J. Gatterer's Abriss der praktischen Genealogie (1788) was published, and the study of genealogy gained an academic status. In the 19th century, with the remarkable development of modern history, extensive and systematic collection of historical materials was carried out, and various discoveries in genetics led to the introduction of natural science methods into genealogy research, bringing genealogy closer to perfection. The importance of the role of genealogy in historical research was already pointed out by O. Lorentz in his Lehrbuch der gesamten wissenschaftlichen Genealogie (1898) at the end of the 19th century, and the detailed biographies and biographical dictionaries that are being published one after another today are only possible because of this genealogical foundation. In China, records of family lineages can be found in the Zhou Li (Ceremonial Books of Zhou), but after the Six Dynasties period, genealogy became an important reference for maintaining social status and for promotion to government office, and genealogy (genealogy) became popular. At that time, it was considered an honor to have a long lineage (Wang Hong and Wang Sengru's Hundred Family Records are examples). In the Song Dynasty, when the clans declined and new classes emerged, horizontal relationships such as religious unity came to be emphasized in addition to vertical relationships such as the length of the lineage (Ouyang Xiu's Ouyang Shi Pu Tu is a famous example). During the Ming dynasty, even common people began to create genealogies, but many of them were forgeries. In Korea, since the Yi dynasty, genealogies have been particularly valued and studied in order to maintain the clan-based family system. In Japan, genealogy arose as a branch of court etiquette and historical research, and is now considered important as a supplementary field to history, but the compilation of genealogies and family trees became popular as the ancient family system developed. Well-known compilations of these include Sonpi Bunmyaku from the Muromachi period, and Kan'ei Shoka Keizuden and Kansei Shoshu Shokafu from the Edo period. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
系譜 (→系図 ) の真偽を科学的に解明する学問。系譜について学問的研究が行われるようになったのは,古文書などの場合と同様,近代に入ってからである。 16世紀以降,旧来の伝承に厳密な批判と分析が加えられ,王族や貴族の系図類が集大成されるようになり,18世紀末には J.ガッテラーの『実用系譜学綱要』 Abriss der praktischen Genealogie (1788) が公刊されるなど,系譜の研究は一個の学問的地位を獲得するにいたった。 19世紀に入ると,近代歴史学のめざましい発展とともに,広範で組織的な史料収集が行われ,遺伝学上の諸発見により,系譜研究に自然科学的方法が導入され,系譜学は一層完全なものに近づいた。系譜の解明が歴史研究において果す役割の大きさについては,すでに 19世紀末 O.ローレンツが『系譜学総論』 Lehrbuch der gesamten wissenschaftlichen Genealogie (1898) のなかで指摘しているとおりであり,現在続々公刊される詳細な伝記や人名辞典の類も,このような系譜学的基礎づけがあって,初めて可能となったものである。中国では,家系に関する記録は古く『周礼』などにみられるが,六朝時代以後,系譜が身分の保持や官吏登用の重要な参考にされると,系譜学 (譜学) が盛んになった。当時は系譜の長期にわたることを名誉とした (王弘,王僧孺の『百家譜』などはその例) 。門閥が衰え新興階級が台頭した宋代に入ると,系譜の長さという縦の関係とともに,宗教の団結という横の関連が重視されるようになった (欧陽修の『欧陽氏譜図』などが有名) 。明代には庶民の間でも系譜がつくられるようになったが,偽作が多い。朝鮮では李朝以来,氏族的家族制度の維持のため,特に系譜は重視され,研究も行われた。日本では有職故実や考証学の一部門として興り,現在では歴史学の補助学として重視されているが,古来家制度の発展とともに家譜,系図の編述が盛んであった。それらを集成したものとして室町時代の『尊卑分脈』,江戸時代の『寛永諸家系図伝』『寛政重修諸家譜』などが名高い。
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