Military justice system

Japanese: 軍事司法制度 - ぐんじしほうせいど

In order to maintain discipline and order in the military, many countries have a military justice system that is based on a legal system separate from the general judicial system for violations of discipline and other criminal acts by military members, and the military law, military criminal law, etc. stipulate the policy for dealing with such crimes. The history of this system is as old as the emergence of the military and war, and has existed since ancient Rome, when commanders on the battlefield were given the authority to punish any crime committed by their military personnel or civilian employees. Corporal punishment (such as flogging) and the death penalty were frequently used as punishment, and an ancient form of punishment called decimation (a system in which one soldier out of every 10 soldiers was executed by selecting the executioner) was also used.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

軍隊の規律･秩序を維持するため，軍の構成員の規律違反その他の犯罪行為に対し，多くの国には一般の司法制度とは別の法体系による軍事司法制度が存在し，軍法，軍刑法等によりその処理方針などを規定している。この制度の歴史は軍隊や戦争の出現とともに古く，古代ローマ時代から存在し，戦場の指揮官には部下の軍人，軍属のいかなる犯罪に対しても刑罰を科する権限が与えられていた。罰として体刑(笞刑（ちけい）など)や死刑が頻繁に行われ，デシメーションdecimation(兵士10人につき1人を処刑する処刑者選択制度)という古式の刑も行われた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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