Gregorian calendar - Gregorian calendar

Japanese: グレゴリオ暦 - ぐれごりおれき
Gregorian calendar - Gregorian calendar

A type of solar calendar. It was put into effect by Pope Gregory XIII in October 1582. The Julian calendar used at the time had an average of 365.25 days in a year, so if leap days were added according to this calendar, the actual seasons would differ by 18 hours over 100 years, or nearly 8 days over 1000 years, and the true vernal equinox would be that much earlier than the calendar equinox. Towards the end of the 16th century, the vernal equinox of March 21, as determined by the Council of Nicaea in 325, became March 11, 10 days earlier. Pope Gregory XIII, who was the Pope at the time, omitted 10 days and set the day after October 4th to the 15th so that the vernal equinox in 1582 would fall on March 21st. In order to prevent discrepancies in the future, he revised the previous leap year system, which had a leap year every four years, and stated that "years divisible by 4 will be leap years. However, years that are divisible by 100 but not divisible by 4 will be common years. Leap days will be set on the day after February 28th." This is called the Gregorian calendar. According to this leap year system, the average number of days in a year is (365 days x 303 + 366 days x 97)/400 = 365.2425 days, which is a difference of 0.03 days in 100 years and 3 days in 10,000 years. In practice, a difference of 3 days in 10,000 years is not enough to interfere with daily life. Clavius ​​contributed greatly to this calendar reform. The Gregorian calendar has a simple leap year system and small margin of error, so it is used in many countries around the world today.

[Toshio Watanabe]

[Reference] | Calendar

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

太陽暦法の一種。1582年10月、ローマ法王グレゴリウス13世により施行された。当時使用されていたユリウス暦は1年の平均日数が365.25日であったため、この暦法に従って閏(うるう)日を置いていると、100年間で18時間、1000年で8日近く、実際の季節と相違をきたし、真の春分は暦上の春分よりそれだけ早くなる。16世紀終わりころになると、325年にニカイアの宗教会議で定められた3月21日の春分は3月11日となり、10日も早まった状態となった。ときのローマ法王グレゴリウス13世は、1582年の春分が3月21日となるように10日間を省いて10月4日の次の日を15日とし、将来も相違がおきないようにするため、4年に一度閏年を置いたそれまでの置閏(ちじゅん)法を改め、「西暦紀元年数が4で割り切れる年を閏年とする。ただし100で割り切れる年のうち4で割り切れない年は平年とする。閏日は2月28日の次の日に置く」とした。これをグレゴリオ暦という。この置閏法によると1年の平均日数は
 (365日×303+366日×97)/400=365.2425日となり、100年に0.03日、1万年で3日の違いである。1万年で3日の狂いは実際問題として日常生活の妨げとなるほどのものではない。この改暦にはクラビウスが大いに寄与している。グレゴリオ暦は置閏法が簡明であり、しかもその誤差も小さいので、今日世界の各国で採用している。

[渡辺敏夫]

[参照項目] |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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