Quraish tribe - Quraish (English spelling)

Japanese: クライシュ族 - クライシュぞく（英語表記）Quraish

A tribe that ruled Mecca in Arabia from the end of the 5th century. According to tradition, they were descendants of Abraham's son Ismail. Around the 5th century, they gained control of the Kaaba and became the ruling class in Mecca, splitting into many families. Muhammad, the founder of Islam, and the Umayyad family that established the Umayyad dynasty were also from this tribe (Muhammad was from a branch of the Hashemite family). After the establishment of Islam until the 16th century, the caliphs had to be from the Quraysh tribe, forming a privileged class and playing an important role in Islamic history.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

5世紀末からアラビアのメッカを支配した一部族
伝承によれば，アブラハムの子イスマーイールの子孫。５世紀ごろカーバ神殿の管理権を獲得し，メッカの支配階級となり，多くの家に分かれた。イスラームの創唱者ムハンマドや，ウマイヤ朝を建てたウマイヤ家もこの部族出身（ムハンマドは分家のハーシム家の出）。イスラーム確立後16世紀までのカリフはクライシュ族でなければならなかったなど，特権階級を形成し，イスラーム史上重要な役割を演じてきた。

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