Rank - Around

Japanese: 位 - くらい

[1] [noun] (from the meaning of "sitting " on a large, high seat) [一] A position in one's social status. ① (from the meaning of the Emperor's throne) The status of the Emperor. The Imperial throne. Also, being in the status of the Emperor. Reign. ※Shoku Nihongi - August 1, 758, Tenpyo Houji 2 (2nd year), Imperial decree "I have sat on this throne for many years." ② The order of seats in the Imperial Court. Rank. Rank. (a) The order of seats in the Imperial Court for the Imperial family and vassals. The system began with the Twelve Ranks of Cap in the 11th year of the reign of Empress Suiko ( 603 ), and after several revisions, the rank system of the Taiho Code ( 701 ) was used for a long time after the Heian period. Princes and princesses had four ranks from 1st rank to 4th rank , and the kings and their vassals had nine ranks called ranks from 1st rank to first rank (lower than 8th rank), which were divided into Sho and Ju (first rank was Dai and Sho), and 4th rank and below were further divided into upper and lower ranks, making 30 ranks. ※Shoki (720) Tenmu 14th Year January (Kanbun version) "Furthermore, the titles of the ranks were changed. Accordingly, the ranks were increased. There were two ranks of Myo-i, four ranks of Jō -i , and a large area for each rank." ※Tsurezuregusa (around 1331) 38 "Even if one is of a high rank and noble character, can one really be called an excellent person?" (B) A rank given by the Imperial Court to monks in recognition of their achievements. A monk's rank. *Sandai Kaku-3, February 16, 864 (6th year of the Jogan era), " _Establishing _two ranks for monks. <Omitted> _{Recorded in} the National Code, the system of monk ranks originally has _two or three _ranks , namely, Man'i, Hoshi-i, and Dai-Hoshi-i" (Ha) A title given to members of the nobility, Imperially appointed officials, or those who have made distinguished contributions to the nation since 1889 (22nd year of the Meiji era ). Ranks 1 to 8 are divided into senior and junior, totaling 16 ranks. Ranks 4th and above were granted by imperial conferral, and ranks 5th and below were granted by tribute. 3. The hierarchical relationship of rank and status within a particular social group. Rank. Status. Also, an important position. ※Jikkain Saihisho (1383) "Those who hold the rank of a judge are especially gifted." ※Kabuki・Korean Chinese Texts (1789) 3 "This embracing mountain is called a famous mountain, and the tayu position is of the Matsu rank." [2] (Under the ritsuryo system, there were corresponding ranks for government positions, and the ranks were used to express the positions, for example, the Minister of the Left was a person of Sho or Ju-nii, and the Minister of State was a person of Sho-sani.) The rank of an government position. Officer. Status. ※Kojiki (712) 2 "First, I will grant you the rank of Minister, and tomorrow I will go up and perform my duties. " ※Sarashina Nikki (around 1059) "What good will the Empress's rank be?" [3] The degree of ability or state of mind that can be reached in a particular field. ※Kanchi-in Sanbo-e (984), bottom: “I believe that by purifying the six senses, one can enter the realm of the Buddha, and by leaving all imperfections behind, one can enter the rank of a bodhisattva.”※Tsurezuregusa ( around 1331), 150: “If one does not practice appreciation, one will eventually reach the rank of a master.”[4] The dignity of a person or work. Style. Dignity. ※Shokosho Jikko (1466-70), “The interesting aspects of the poem should be ignored, and one should focus solely on rank, and should aim for the height, appearance, and beauty.”※Haikai Kyorai-sho (1702-04), training: “Ounen said, ‘What does it mean to achieve the rank of a follow-up verse?’ Kyorai replied, ‘It is to follow up after knowing the rank of the previous verse.’”[5] A position for subduing an enemy using military tactics. Formation. ※Military Law Secret Handbook (around 1579) 4 "It is customary to use lookouts to watch over the enemy at night when the allies are in camp, and launch a night attack." [6] A term used in Go and Shogi. From (5), in Shogi it is the position that dominates the enemy camp. The center of the board is considered to be the most important position. There is a Shogi proverb that says "The 5-5 position is the decisive battle." [7] The position of the numbers when they are arranged in a decimal system. It is called the "hundreds position," the "thousands position," the "tenths position," etc. It is also applied to the binary and quinary systems. [2] [Adverbial particle] (Also called "kurai." Expresses degree by receiving the attributive form of a noun or conjugated word. A usage that arose after the Middle Ages) 1. Indicates an approximate quantity or degree. About. About. ※Toraakirahon Kyogen Kagami-o (late Muromachi period - early modern period) "Because of the head, it is said that even a person of ten or twenty ranks looks beautiful." ※Kabuki Keiseibutsu no Hara (1699) 1 "I heard that the lord of Echizen Province, Umenaga Oyabu-dono, is about the same age as me." ② To indicate a standard of comparison, or to emphasize a degree as light or heavy. About. About. ※Taiheiki (late 14th century) 29 "If he really stretches his head out to come here." ※Kakurihon Shichihen-nin (1857-63) 1 "Because he is such a foolish teacher that he can be called a food herbalist." [Glossary] (Regarding (2)) (1) In ancient times, "bakari" was used as an adverb, but in the Middle Ages, it was replaced by "hodo," and after the Middle Ages, "kurai" gradually came to be used. Examples of this usage can be seen frequently in colloquial documents from the late Edo period. In narration, even in the late Edo period, "hodo" was more commonly used than "kurai."
(2) In the Edo period, there was a tendency for consonants to be voiced when attached to nouns, clear when attached to ko, so, a, or do, and both clear and voiced forms when attached to conjugated words.
(3) In most cases, it can be replaced with "hodo", but in the case of the usage in ② "to emphasize the degree as being light", it cannot be replaced with "hodo".

Good [rank]

[1] [noun] ① kairai (place to sit in) . Rank. ※Shobogenzo (1231-1253) Shinfukutoku “To the National Master who attested to the rank of the Buddha and the Ancestors.” ② = i (power) ① ※Ukiyo-zoshi, Wankyu Nisei (1691) Vol. 1 “Not only was she not without rank, but she was also a courtesan .” [2] [suffix] ① To express the rank, rank, or other features of something. ※Genji (c. 1001-14) Otome “The carriage was fifteen, and the Imperial presence was four or five times that of the Emperor.” ② Used to count the spirits of the dead. “The spirits of the dead ranked one hundredth.” ③ To express the rank in a calculation. “The number in the tenth place” “Two decimal places”

About - About to do... [rank]

kurai・su kurai・su To indicate a place or position. To be located. *Shiji Sho (1477) 3 "There are seven of the 28 mansions on each side. (Omitted) They are located there because there is a slight gap." *Beio Kairan Jikki (1877) <Kume Kunitake> 1 "Shio-fu is located at 41°30° north latitude and 114°0° west longitude."

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙 (高く大きく設けた席「座(くら)」に「ゐる」（すわる）の意から)[一] 身分上の地位。① (天皇の玉座の意から) 天皇の地位。皇位。また、天皇の地位にあること。在位。※続日本紀‐天平宝字二年（758）八月一日・宣命「年長く日多く此の座(くらゐ)に坐せば」② 朝廷の席次。等級。位階。(イ) 皇族・臣下の朝廷での席次。その制度は推古天皇一一年（六〇三）の冠位十二階に始まり、数次の改訂を経て、大宝令（七〇一）の位階制が平安時代以降も長く行なわれた。親王・内親王は一品(いっぽん)から四品(しほん)までの四階、諸王臣下は位と称して一位から初位（八位の下位）まで九等級を、それぞれ正・従（初位は大・少）に分け、四位以下はさらに上・下を区別して三〇階とした。※書紀（720）天武一四年正月（寛文版訓）「更に爵位(クラヰ)の号を改む。仍て階級(しなしな)を増し加ふ。明位(みょうゐ)二階、浄位四階、階毎に大広有り」※徒然草（1331頃）三八「位高くやんごとなきをしも、すぐれたる人とやはいふべき」(ロ) 僧侶の功績を賞して朝廷から賜わる位階。僧位。※三代格‐三・貞観六年（864）二月一六日「定_二僧綱位階_一事。〈略〉国典所_レ載、僧位之制、本有_二三階_一、満位・法師位・大法師位是也」(ハ) 明治二二年（一八八九）以降、華族、勅奏任官、または国家に功労のあった者を表彰するために与える称号。一位から八位までを各正・従に分け、一六階とする。四位以上は勅授、五位以下は奏授された。③ 特定の社会集団での地位、身分の上下関係。階級。格式。また、その重要な地位。※十問最秘抄（1383）「点者の位の人は、才覚は殊にありたし」※歌舞伎・韓人漢文手管始（唐人殺し）（1789）三「こちの抱(かか)へは名山といふて、松の位の太夫職」[二] (令制下、官職にはそれに相当する位階が定められていて、たとえば左大臣は正・従二位、大納言には正三位の者を任じるというように、位を以て官をも表わしたところから) 官職の地位。つかさ。身分。※古事記（712）下「先づ大臣の位(くらゐ)を給ひて、明日上り幸(い)でまさむ」※更級日記（1059頃）「后のくらひも何にかはせむ」[三] 特定の分野での、力量の程度や到達し得た境地。※観智院本三宝絵（984）下「六根をきよめて仏の境界に入り、諸のさはりをはなれて菩薩の位に入むと思ひ」※徒然草（1331頃）一五〇「堪能のたしなまざるよりは、終に上手の位にいたり」[四] 人、または作品の品位。風格。貫祿。※所々返答（1466‐70）「句の面白をば、傍(かたはら)になして、ひとへに位に心をかけ、たけ、面影、しなを旨とすべしとなり」※俳諧・去来抄（1702‐04）修行「牡年曰、『附句の位とはいか成事にや』去来曰、『前句の位を知りて附る事也〈略〉』」[五] 兵法で敵を制圧する位置。陣形。※軍法極秘伝書（1579頃か）四「味方着陣の夜、物見をつかひくらゐを見、夜討をする事習ひなり」[六] 囲碁・将棋の用語。(五)から、将棋では敵陣を制圧する位置。盤面の中央に最も位があるとされる。将棋の格言に「５五の位は天王山」とある。[七] 十進法で、数を表わしたときの並べられた数字の位置。「百の位」「千の位」「十分の一の位」などという。二進法、五進法などでも準用される。[2] 〘副助〙 (「ぐらい」とも。体言または活用語の連体形をうけて程度を表わす。中世以後、生じた用法)① おおよその数量・程度を示す。ほど。ばかり。※虎明本狂言・鏡男（室町末‐近世初）「かしらをゆへは十位(クラヰ)も二十くらひもうつくしう見ゆると申が」※歌舞伎・傾城仏の原（1699）一「越前の国主を梅永刑部殿と申すは、某と同年位と聞く」② 比較の基準を示したり、あるいは、程度を軽いもの、または、重いものとして強調したりする。ほど。ばかり。※太平記（１４Ｃ後）二九「げにも頭を延べて参る位ならば」※滑稽本・七偏人（1857‐63）初「食物本草とも言れるくらいな大愚先生だから」[語誌]((二)について) (1)副助詞としての用法は、古代には「ばかり」が担っていたが、中世には「ほど」に移り、中世以降、次第に「くらい」が用いられるようになった。用例は、江戸時代後期になると口語資料に多く見られるようになる。地の文では、江戸時代後期になっても「くらい」よりも「ほど」が用いられることが多い。
(2)江戸時代には、名詞に付くばあいは濁音、コ・ソ・ア・ドに付くばあいは清音、活用語に付くばあいは清濁両形をとる傾向がある。
(3)ほとんどのばあい「ほど」と置き換えが可能であるが、②の用法のうち「程度を軽いものとして強調する」用法については、「ほど」と置き換えができない。

いヰ【位】

[1] 〘名〙① くらい。座居(くらい)。位階。※正法眼蔵（1231‐1253）心不可得「仏祖の位に証せる国師に」② ＝い（威）①※浮世草子・椀久二世（1691）上「太夫職ことの外に見さめして位(イ)のないばかりにあらず」[2] 〘接尾〙① 物事の順位、等級、位階などを表わす。※源氏（1001‐14頃）乙女「御車十五、御前四ゐ五ゐがちにて」② 死者の霊を数えるのに用いる。「英霊百位」③ 計算上のくらい取りを表わす。「十位の数」「小数点以下二位」