Starch made from the roots of kudzu. It is considered to be the best quality of all the different types of starch. In ancient times, the starch produced in Kuzu, Yoshino (Nara Prefecture), which was considered a foreign race by the Yamato Imperial Court, was considered to be of high quality, and was called Yoshino Kudzu. It is also said that the word kudzu itself comes from Kuzu. Between late autumn and early spring, before the roots sprout, they are dug up, washed thoroughly, cut into pieces around 15cm long, and crushed with a mallet on a flat stone. Sometimes a grinder is used. This is then placed in a sieve and stirred in a tank of water to wash out the starch, and the pulp and starch are separated. The starch liquid is then strained into a cloth bag to remove fine fibres. If left to stand the starch will settle, so the top layer is discarded and more water is added, stirred and left to stand. The water washing process is repeated until the starch is pure white. Once the starch has been sufficiently washed, it is poured into a tub fitted with a perforated board and lined with cotton cloth to remove the water, before being crushed into suitable sizes and dried. As a result, kudzu starch is in the form of irregular lumps. Besides Yoshino kudzu from Nara Prefecture, other famous kudzu varieties include Chikuzen kudzu from Fukuoka Prefecture, Ise kudzu from Mie Prefecture, and Wakasa kudzu from Fukui Prefecture. Kudzu soup, made by dissolving kudzu starch in a small amount of water and adding boiled water, has long been used as a nutritious food for sick people and children. Kudzu mochi (kuzu mochi), kudzu chimaki (kudzu rice dumplings), and kudzu somen (kudzu noodles) are remnants of the time when kudzu was used as a supplementary food. The main ingredient of the Chinese cold medicine kudzu root soup (kakkonto) is kudzu root. Dishes that use kudzu are given the name "Yoshino" after the famous production area, and soups thickened with kudzu starch are called Yoshino soup, and simmered dishes thickened with kudzu starch are called Yoshino-ni. Kudzu is used as an ingredient in sweets such as kudzu cherry blossoms, kudzu manju, kudzu kiri (kudzu simmered dumplings), and kudzu chimaki (kudzu rice dumplings). Kudzu kiri (kudzu simmered dumplings) from Kyoto is a famous regional sweet made with kudzu. Kudzu is boiled, cut into noodles, and eaten cold with syrup. In Yoshino, Nara, there is a type of yokan with a strong kudzu aroma, in which the bean paste is solidified with kudzu starch. Furthermore, because kudzu starch is produced in small quantities and is expensive, there are few pure kudzu starch products available on the market these days; most are mixed with sweet potato starch. [Tomomi Kono and Midori Otaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
クズの根から製造したデンプン。各種デンプンのうち、もっとも良質とされている。古代、大和(やまと)朝廷から異民族視されていた吉野(奈良県)の国栖(くず)に産するものが上品とされ、吉野葛の名がある。またクズの語自体、国栖に由来するとも説かれる。 秋の終わりから初春にかけて発芽前に根を掘り起こし、よく水洗いして15センチメートルくらいに切ったものを平石の上で木槌(きづち)で打って砕く。粉砕機を用いることもある。これをざるに入れて水槽の中でかき混ぜ、デンプンを洗い出して、かすとデンプンに分ける。デンプン液は、細かい繊維などを除くため、さらに布袋に入れて漉(こ)す。静置するとデンプンが沈殿するので、上澄み液を捨て、さらに水を加えてかき回し静置する。デンプンが純白になるまで水さらしを繰り返す。十分さらしたデンプンは、小穴のあいた板をはめ木綿布を敷いた桶(おけ)にあけて水分を除き、適当な大きさに砕いて乾燥する。したがって、葛粉は不ぞろいの塊状をしている。奈良県の吉野葛のほか、福岡県の筑前(ちくぜん)葛、三重県の伊勢(いせ)葛、福井県の若狭(わかさ)葛が有名である。 葛粉を少量の水で溶き、これに熱湯を加えた葛湯は、病人や小児の栄養食として昔から重用されている。葛餅(くずもち)、葛ちまき、葛そうめんなどは、昔、補食として用いられた名残(なごり)である。また漢方のかぜ薬である葛根湯(かっこんとう)の主成分はこの葛根である。葛を用いた料理には名産地の名にちなみ「吉野」をつけて、葛粉で濃度をつけた汁物は吉野汁、煮汁に葛粉で濃度をつけた煮物は吉野煮とよぶ。菓子では、葛桜、葛まんじゅう、葛切り、葛ちまきなどの原料として用いられている。葛粉を使った地方菓子としては京都の葛切りが有名である。葛を煮て麺(めん)のように切り、冷たくして蜜(みつ)をつけて食べる。奈良の吉野には、餡(あん)を葛粉で固めた葛の香りの高い羊かんがある。なお、葛粉は生産が少なく高価なため、最近、市販の葛粉と称するものは純粋のものが少なく、多くはサツマイモデンプンを混ぜてある。 [河野友美・大滝 緑] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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