Abdul Hamid [II] - Abdul Hamid

Japanese: アブデュルハミト[2世] - アブデュルハミト

The 34th Sultan, an autocratic monarch at the end of the Ottoman Empire. Reigned 1876-1909. He issued the Constitution in 1876, established a parliament, and established the first constitutional system, but began his autocratic rule after the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). He attempted Westernization while avoiding the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. After losing the Russo-Turkish War, he lost most of his Balkan territory. Although he maintained political independence, economically he was incorporated under the control of imperialist countries. In 1908, young officers from the "Young Turks" faction launched an armed uprising against the autocratic government and established the second constitutional system, but he was forced to abdicate the following year in 1909.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

オスマン帝国末期の専制君主，第34代スルタン。在位1876年−1909年。1876年憲法を発布，議会の開設を行い，第１次立憲制をしくが，露土戦争（1877年−1878年）を機に専制政治を始める。オスマン帝国の解体を避けつつ西欧化をはかった。露土戦争の敗北でバルカン領土の大半を失う。政治的には独立を維持したが，経済的には帝国主義諸国の支配下に組み込まれた。1908年〈青年トルコ〉派の若手将校が専制政治に対して武装蜂起，第２次立憲制をしいたが，翌1909年退位させられた。
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